The Addiction Ontology (AddictO) is an ontology being developed all aspects of addiction research. 2022-09-27 BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label BFO OWL specification label BFO CLIF specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage example_of_usage example of usage example of usage has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition textual definition English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION definition definition textual definition The official definition. url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/iao.owl editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note editor_note editor note editor note definition editor term editor Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor definition editor term editor term editor alternative label alternative term A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000232 uberon curator_notes curator_notes curator note curator note curator notes imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from imported from OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) has associated axiom(fol) synonym The AE 'cough AE' has the 'label of AE outcome' of 'cough'; 'infection AE' has the 'label of AE outcom' of 'infection'. an annotation property that represents the label of an adverse event Yongqun Oliver He, Jiangan Hardy Xie label of adverse event outcome adverse event outcome An alternative term used by the IEDB. IEDB alternative term An alternative term used by the IEDB. url:https://www.iedb.org An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/temporal-semantics/ An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. UBPROP:0000001 uberon external_definition external_definition This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO external_definition An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. Notes on the homology status of this class. UBPROP:0000003 uberon homology_notes homology_notes This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO homology_notes Notes on the homology status of this class. Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. UBPROP:0000007 uberon has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 uberon external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property gives the unique label of all Apollo_SV entities that are refered to in the schema. The UAL is the denotator for the Apollo_SV class in the schema. There can at all times only be ONE value of UAL for each class. UAL Unique Apollo Label created_by creation_date has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has database cross reference Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. Synonym of the term. FULL_SYN Synonym with Source Data has exact synonym has_exact_synonym Synonym of the term. url:http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym has_narrow_synonym disease_ontology has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym An identifier for an individual entity. id An identifier for an individual entity. url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0020000 in_subset shorthand comment is defined by is defined by This is an experimental annotation label A human readable name for this class. A human-readable name for the subject. label label A human readable name for this class. url:http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label uberon seeAlso seeAlso see also uberon depicted_by depicted_by depicted by alternate name derived_from derived from is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this red color inheres in this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from derives from contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has output A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to inverse of has output Chris Mungall output of Point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence that lasts for 7 days prior to a time point. 7-day point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence Smoking cessation in which a smoker goes from his or her usual level of cigarette consumption to no use of cigarette within a day. abrupt smoking cessation The behaviour of not performing a behaviour of a particular type. Abstinence only has any meaning when specifying what the behaviour is that the person is not doing. abstinence The percentage of a population that at a given point in time is exhibiting the attribute of abstinence from a behaviour or psycoactive drug. abstinence rate Smoking cessation that occurs without a smoker having an intention to stop smoking. accidental smoking cessation Drug use pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule. ad lib drug use Vaping pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule. ad lib vaping A behaviour attribute involving the likelihood that someone who engages in the behaviour will become addicted to it. addictiveness of a behaviour Alcohol consumption by an adolescent. Adolescent drinking Fully defined class because it is made up of the intersection of two classes. adolescent alcohol consumption A substance use behaviour involving an adolescent. adolescent substance use A drinking pattern by an adolescent. adolescent drinking pattern Abstinence in alcohol consumption. alcohol abstinence A consumption behaviour pattern involving use of a substance containing alcohol concurrently with use of a psychoactive substance that has not been legally sanctioned in the jurisdiction in which the user resides. alcohol and substance use pattern A change quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption. alcohol consumption change A reduction in alcohol consumption. alcohol consumption reduction A population level pattern of alcohol consumption. alcohol consumption trend The first instance of alcohol consumption. alcohol initiation Consumption of alcohol in a manner that is deemed unacceptable in the jurisdiction in which the user resides. alcohol misuse Consumption of alcohol in a manner that is deemed to cause harm to the individual, others or society. alcohol problem A consumption behaviour that involves drinking an alcohol-containing product. Alcohol use alcohol consumption A process that involves repeated occurrences of a behaviour. behaviour pattern A process profile that involves starting then stopping a behaviour following abstinence. behavioural lapse A process boundary that involves restarting a behaviour pattern after a period of abstinence from that behaviour pattern. behavioural relapse Behaviour in which a person consumes, ingests or takes an entity into themselves. consumption behaviour A person uses e-cigarettes for 3 years. A temporal region during which e-cigarettes have been used. E-cigarette use duration This duration relates to a whole behaviour pattern. This refers to the aggregate of use episodes in a person's history not a single e-cigarette use episode. That is covered by 'Duration of e-cigarette use episode'. duration of e-cigarette use A temporal region during which a single episode of e-cigarette use takes place. This duration relates to a specific behavioural episode. This refers to the duration of a single episode of e-cigarette use by a person. This can be aggregated across episodes using statistics such as mean, median etc. duration of e-cigarette use episode A behaviour pattern involving ingestion of a psychoactive drug. Drug use pattern substance use pattern A process in which use of a product delivering a psychoactive substance increases the likelihood of use of another product delivering a psychoactive substance. gateway effect A behaviour pattern that continues over an extended period of time. habitual behaviour pattern Absence from work as a result of an injury. injury-related work-absence A quality that inheres in a person. personal quality A process in which an increase in prevalence of use of a product delivering a psychoactive substance leads to an increase in the prevalence of use of another product delivering a psychoactive substance. population gateway effect Human behaviour that involves use of a product. Product-using behaviour Product use behaviour is included to provide a link between product and a class of behaviour for which the relation always holds. product use behaviour A process boundary that involves the end of a period of tobacco use. tobacco cessation A personal quality that involves not smoking tobacco having previously done so. smoking abstinence tobacco abstinence. tobacco cessation Smoking cessation tobacco smoking abstinence Behavioural relapse that involves tobacco smoking. tobacco smoking relapse Not attending for paid employment but not on annual leave. work absence Follow-up that occurs 12-months after the start of a follow-up period 12-month follow-up Follow-up that occurs 24-months after the start of a follow-up period 24-month follow-up A self-report questionaire for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or non-psychiatric clinical settings such as primary care or general medical out-patients. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards , it assesses the respondents current state and asks if that differs from his or her usual state. 28-item GHQ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/scaled-version-of-the-general-health-questionnaire/855845C6B366DB4AEDD66C350320D2A9 The cross reference is a useful source of information about the questionnaire. 28-item General Health Questionnaire Follow-up that occurs 6 months after the start of a follow-up period 6-month follow-up Literature that is an output of academic activity. This covers the output of any academic activity, not just research. academic literature A quantitative confidence value that refers to an interval give values within which there is a high probability that the true population value can be found. The calculation of a confidence interval considers the standard deviation of the data and the number of observations. Thus, a confidence interval narrows as the number of observations increases, or its variance decreases. CI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000070 confidence interval A research activity that involves taking a measurement after the end of an intervention or research activity. This attempts to capture the most common usage and so distinguishes between end-of-treatment assessment and follow up. Used in cohort studies and intervention evaluations to capture meausres taken after the end of the intervention or a baseline measure. follow-up A document that contains a set of questions. The most iwdely used definition in OntoBee is from OBI but it is too specific. questionnaire A process in which a questionnaire is answered. questionnaire administration An information content entity that is used in a research study to specify how a measurement should be undertaken. This and the one below need VERY clear labels to disambiguate research measure A planned process that has as its output a data item corresponding to a quantitative or qualitative description of the attributes of an entity. Measurement is not itself defined, except tautologically as "the data item that is the output of a measuremnet" Why not just 'measurement'? research study measurement A measurment datum that is produced as part of a research study. research study measurement datum A questionnaire that is administered in such a way that the person completing the questionnaire is answering questions about themselves. self-report questionnaire The process boundary at the beginning of a follow-up period. start of follow-up period The process boundary when a process or temporal region starts. AFP:0003328 Definition from AFP modified to include temporal region. temporal start A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour. addiction relapse case Research activity about addiction. NCIT defines research as "Systematic investigation into a subject in order to discover facts, establish or revise a theory, or develop a plan of action based on the facts discovered." addiction research A person who has analytic toxicologist role. analytic toxicologist A sample is a substance role played by a biological substance as an input substance to a protocol. The definition and link to role is coherent with BFO but the ontology itself is probably not suitable to be imported. biological sample A research activity that forms part of a research study that aims to influence an outcome. BCIO? experimental manipulation The follow up period was for 12 months from the offer of a prescription for varenicline. A period of time between a research activity and follow up. The temporal period is often counted from the start of an intervention even though the definition of follow up states that it takes place after the end of an intervention. follow-up period Research literature whose constituent documents have not been published in a peer-reviewed journal. grey literature An information content entity that is an aggregate of documents. literature An information content entity that represents attributes of a population for the purposes of modelling processes or outcomes in that population. simulated population A research measure that has been subjected to evaluation for one or more forms of validity and which it is claimed has reached or exceeded an appropriate threshold on that criterion. validated measure A database documenting absence from work Absence register work absence register A data item that is the year in which a publication was published. year of publication A personal stake that interferes with the impartial enactment of a professional role. https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/s/competing-interests The definition was adapted from the PLOS definition. Competing interests carry no implication of wrong-doing and are often unavoidable. However, they must be disclosed and in some cases may preclude someone from performing a particular role. competing interest A potential competing interest that involves the possibility of personal financial gain or loss resulting from enactment of the professional role. The definition was adapted from the PLOS definition. This includes: 1) ownership of stocks or shares, 2) employment in an organisation, 3) providing paid consultancy to an organisation, 4) being a director of a company, 5) receiving any kind of funding or tangible benefit from an organisation, 6) ownership of, or pending application for, a patent, and 7) seeking funding from an organisation, that may be affected by the enactment of the professional role. It also includes all of the above that relate to an intimate partner. Organisation includes commercial organisation, government agency, and charity. financial potential competing interest A report that provides information about a person's potential competing interest. Good practice involves being as inclusive as possible to ensure full transparency and include both financial and non-financial attributes that might conceivably influence the conduct, reporting or evaluation of research whether or not it actually does so. disclosure of potential competing interest Dr Smith has a personal stake in the outcome of the clinical trial of the drug, varenicline, because he has shares in the company that produces the drug. A personal attribute that involves an outcome of value to that person arising from a process. This is derived from the idea of a stakeholder and is a generalisation of vested interest. Value here can be positive or negative. This definition refers to actual value rather than perceived value. The process that produces the outcome will often be an event such as reporting of the outcome of a clinical trial, or delivery of a verdict in a trial, or enactment of legislation. personal stake Funding that originates from one or more tobacco companies. tobacco industry funding The absolute amount of harm to an individual resulting from use of an e-cigarette. It can be quantified in many different ways from using numeric or textual labels. No harm is represented by '0', 'Zero harm' or 'No harm'. absolute e-cigarette harmfulness to health The absolute amount risk of harm to an individual resulting from use of a nicotine product at a specified amount for a specified duration in a specified way. It can be quantified in many different ways from using numeric or textual labels. No risk is represented by '0', 'Zero harm' or 'No harm'. absolute risk Differentiated from absolute harm in that it combines amount of harm with probability of harm. Thus a high risk of harm involves both high probability of harm and high amount of harm. A low risk of harm could involve a low probability of a high amount of harm. This term should probably not be used without quantifying the degree of risk and the amount of harm in objective terms. absolute nicotine-related risk of harm A data item that is about the amount of harm produced by a product in a population over a time period expressed as an absolute quantity using a metric. absolute product harmfulness Absolute product harmfulness in which the harm relates to health. absolute product harmfulness to health Absolute product harmfulness to health in which the product is a tobacco-containing product. harmfulness Differentiated from relative harm which expressed the difference between or ration of two harms. It is a subjective term and probably should not be used without quantifying the harm in objective terms. absolute tobacco product harmfulness to health Psychoactive substance attribute involving its propensity for abuse by people who ingest it. abuse liability of a substance abuse potential of a substance An e-cigarette atomiser which the user can adjust to different levels of power. adjustable power atomiser adjustable power e-cigarette atomiser A disposition inhering in a product that is realised as adverse consequences to the user of the product. adverse event profile of a product Harm that is causally influenced by intoxication resulting from consumption of alcohol by a person. alcohol-related harm A central nervous system depressant that is used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. CHEBI:35623 Taken from ChEBI but slight edited for consistency. anticonvulsant drug An information content entity that is used by a person or organisation to denote and promote a product. Brand name brand A plant extract from the cannabis plant. cannabis marijuana cannabis extract A cannabis extract that has been treated with volatile solvent to result in a higher concentration of THC. Butanne Hash oil CO2 oil Shatter badder bubble hash budder butane hash oil charas concentrates crumble dabs distillate dry sift full-melt hash hash hash oil hashish honey oil ice water hash marijuana extract/ concentrate propane hash oil rosin shatter wax Cannabis extract Clarify what cannabis the concentrates are made up of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % cannabis concentrate An attribute of a portion of cannabis that is its concentration of THC. cannabis potency An oral tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be chewed. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/chewing-tobacco Consists of loose tobacco leaves, pellets or bits , plugs , or twists . chewing tobacco product An e-cigarette that is designed to resemble a cigarette in shape, size and appearance. disposable e-cigarette cigalike cigalike e-cigarette A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a cylinder formed of chopped tobacco encased in tobacco leaf. The user sets one end alight and ingests smoke by sucking on the other end. The cylinder becomes shorter as the tobacco burns to smoke and ash until either the user extinguishes the burning tobacco or all the tobacco is burnt. This definition includes large panatelas and small cigars. Cigars typically produce smoke with a high concentration of nicotine so that a significant amount of nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of the mouth without the smoke having to be inhaled into the lungs. cigar A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco encased in a thin paper. The user sets one end alight and ingests smoke by sucking on the other end. The cylinder becomes shorter as the tobacco burns to smoke and ash until either the user extinguishes the burning tobacco or all the tobacco is burnt. This definition includes hand-rolled cigarettes and manufactured cigarettes but not cigarillos, bidis or small cigars. Cigarettes are typically made for the smoke to be inhaled into the lungs. cigarette A brand that is applied to a manufactured cigarette. tobacco brand cigarette brand Smoke that is produced through the use of a cigarette. smoke cigarette smoke A chemical substance that is part of cigarette smoke. cigarette smoke ingredient An e-cigarette in which none of the main components is interchangeable. These e-cigarettes are often confusingly referred to cigalikes and they have many similarities but do not need to look like cigarettes. Note that the closed 'pod' may contain either e-liquid of a salts based solution. e-cigarette closed system A pharmaceutical formulation that contains codeine. codeine formulation A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed to make it suitable for burning for the user to ingest the smoke. combustible tobacco smoked tobacco smoked tobacco product combustible tobacco product combustible tobacco-containing product A disposable e-cigarette that resembles a cigarette. disposable cigalike disposable cigalike e-cigarette An e-cigarette closed system that has a non-rechargeable battery and no replaceable parts. disposable disposable e-cigarette A chemical substance that is metabolite of a drug. drug metabolite "Electronic cigarettes are handheld electronic vaping devices which produce an aerosol formed by heating an eliquid." Hartmann-Boyce et al., 2020. Cochrane Review of Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. An electronic vaping device that is hand held and produces for inhalation an aerosol formed by heating an e-liquid using a battery-powered heating coil. ANDS ENDS NVP alternative nicotine delivery system alternative nicotine vaping device electronic nicotine delivery system electronic nicotine vaping device electronic vaping device nicotine vaping device nicotine vaping product vape electronic cigarette The primary label is based on the fact that this is a the most commonly used term and is clear. It has the disadvantage that it carries negative connotations in some quarters but other terminology does not adequately capture this class as defined. The e-liquid contains one or more humectants , usually together with flavourings and nicotine. The heating is achieved by means of a battery-powered heating elementthat is activated by a switch or by suction as the user sucks on the mouthpiece of the device. E-cigarette do not necessarily contain nicotine or any pharmacologically active substance. e-cigarette A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and to heat e-liquid during e-cigarette use to produce a vapour. e-cigarette atomiser An electrical battery that is designed to be part of an e-cigarette and provide electrical energy for an e-cigarette atomiser. e-cigarette battery A brand of e-cigarette products that are manufactured by a particular tobacco company under a particular name. vape brand e-cigarette brand A product that is a part of an e-cigarette and consists of an e-cigarette atomiser surrounded by a liquid-soaked poly-foam that acts as an e-liquid holder. e-cigarette cartridge A fire that has been caused by malfunction of an e-cigarette or a part of an e-cigarette. e-cigarette fire A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and contain e-liquid. e-liquid container A chemical substance that is designed to be part of an e-liquid to impart a flavour to the vapour produced when the e-liquid is used in an e-cigarette. e-liquid flavouring A part of an e-cigarette that is the microchip with the purpose of recording vaping behaviour. e-cigarette microprocessor An e-cigarette that can be self-built and modified by the user. mod e-cigarette mod An e-cigarette part that allows the user to draw through a vapourised aerosol. e-cigarette mouthpiece A vaping device part that is part of an e-cigarette. e-cigarette device part device part e-cigarette part An e-cigarette that has as a part a replaceable e-cigarette pod. e-cigarette pod device An e-cigarette part that constitutes the heating element and must be replaced after use. atomiser coil e-cigarette replaceable coil An e-cigarette part that constitutes the container used to hold e-liquid. e-liquid tank tank e-cigarette tank An aerosol produced by heating an e-liquid. aerosol e-cigarette vapour A chemical substance that is part of e-cigarette vapour. e-cigarette vapour ingredient An e-cigarette that has no tank and in which the e-liquid is 'dripped' straight on to the wick or coil. e-cigarette with dripping atomiser A vaping device that produces vapour by electrically heating a substance that is an e-liquid or a solid. electronic vaping device A liquid commodity that is used in e-cigarettes for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person. Typically consists of propylene glycol or glycerol together with nicotine and flavourants. e-liquid A chemical substance that is manufactured for use as part of an e-liquid. e-liquid ingredient The concentration of nicotine in a portion of e-liquid. e-liquid strength nicotine strength strength e-liquid nicotine concentration Smoke that is produced through the burning of a tobacco-containing product and released into the environment. environmental tobacco smoke An e-cigarette atomiser which has only one power level. fixed-power atomiser fixed power e-cigarette atomiser An e-liquid that has e-liquid flavouring. flavoured liquid flavoured e-juice flavoured e-liquid A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a fruit flavour. fruit flavoured liquid fruit flavoured e-juice fruit flavoured e-liquid lung cancer from smoked tobacco use Opioid drug overdose Disposition inhering in a product that can result in negative consequences of its use. Having this as a disposition brings in the fact that harm only occurs in certain contexts or when certain conditions are met. harmfulness of a product E-cigarette use causes some degree of lung inflammation. A data item about harmfulness of a product. absolute harmfulness of a product This is distinguished from 'Relative quantification of harmfulness of a product' emphasising that there is no comparison with harmfulness of another product. absolute quantification of harmfulness of a product A data item about harmfulness of a product that arises from a comparison of the absolute harmfulness of this product with that of another product. relative quantification of harmfulness of a product A bodily disposition that is a person's likelihood of an adverse health outcome. Every person has this disposition to a greater or lesser extent at any given time in any given context. The term is only meaningful when operationalised to specify the nature of the risk and the timescale. individual health risk A tobacco-containing product that contains a tobacco stick that it heats to cause minimal or no combustion to produce smoke or a vapour for inhalation by a person. This product is described as not involving combustion of tobacco and thereby avoiding production of harmful chemicals caused by combustion such as carbon monoxide. However for at least some products there is some evidence of a degree of combustion. heated tobacco product A product that is formed of tobacco processed in such a way as to make it suitable to be used in a heated tobacco-containing product. heet stick heet heated tobacco stick A nicotine-containing e-liquid in which the e-liquid nicotine concentration is high. high nicotine concentration e-liquid A codeine formulation that contains what is judged to be a high concentration of the drug. What constitutes 'high' has to be defined when used for this to be a useable entity. high-strength codeine A heated tobacco-containing product that involves heating a heated tobacco stick to up to 350 degrees centigrade using power from a battery. It is marketed by Philip Morris under the brand name iQOS. iQOS is marketed as a product that has substantially lower harmfulness than cigarettes. This is a matter for empirical evidence and therefore not included in the definition, which aims solely to unambiguously identify the entity. iQOS An e-cigarette pod device that is marketed by the JUUL company. pod juul https://www.juul.co.uk JUUL pod device A nicotine-containing product that is a licensed drug LNP licensed nicotine product licensed nicotine-containing product A codeine formulation that contains what is judged to be a low concentration of the drug, What constitutes 'low' has to be defined when used for this to be a useable entity. low-strength codeine An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced by a person from the lighting of a combustible tobacco product, it is inhaled by the person and exhaled into the environment. mainstream smoke A cigarette that is manufactured in a factory. factory-made cigarette manufactured cigarette A cigarette brand colour that is closely associated with Marlboro cigarettes. marlboro Red An e-cigarette that has no circuitry and power is provided by the battery alone. mechanical mod e-cigarette A product that includes or contains nicotine for ingestion by the user. nicotine product The relation with 'nicotine' is 'has part' and not 'contains' because contains is reserved for spatially enclosing a separate entity. This class overlaps with tobacco-containing product but is distinct from it as tobacco-containing products can have the nicotine removed and nicotine-containing products may not have any other tobacco constituents in them . nicotine-containing product A nicotine replacement therapy product that consists of a plastic tube which holds a replaceable nicotine cartridge which delivers nicotine orally to a person through a mouthpiece. Inhaler Product concentration needs to be specified nicotine inhalator A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a tablet which slowly dissolves in the mouth. Product concentration needs to be specified nicotine lozenge A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine by a spray in to nose. Product concentration needs to be specified nicotine nasal spray A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a chewing gum. Nicotine gum Product concentration needs to be specified nicotine polacrilex Nicotine replacement therapy are nicotine delivery products that are licensed for use as smoking cessation or harm reduction aids used by people for quitting or reducing use of tobacco containing products. NRT products nicotine replacement therapy A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine through the skin by use of an adhesive patch. nicotine patch Product concentration needs to be specified nicotine transdermal patch An e-liquid that does not contain any e-liquid flavouring. I wonder if here we should add this includes tobacco - as there is a common misperception that tobacco is non flavoured which of course it is unflavoured e-liquid An liquid that is oil based and contains cannabinoids. Clarify what cannabis the oil consists of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % oil based cannabis liquid An e-cigarette in which all of the main components are interchangeable. e-cigarette open system A medicinal product that is licenced in a specified jurisdiction for sale without a prescription and is purchased by a person within a pharmacy. over-the-counter medicine A nicotine replacement therapy product that can be sold to a person without the need for a prescription. over the counter nicotine replacement therapy A combustible tobacco-containing product that is manufactured as two or more cigarettes in a single container. packet of fags packet of cigarettes It is important to state that it is manufactured as containing two or more cigarettes because the number actually in the pack depends on how many have been used. It is also important to be clear that it includes the cigarettes and not just the pack. A different term has to be used for the container. For AddictO the parent of interest relates to tobacco rather than more general types of pack. The entity in this case is the pack plus cigarettes manufactured within it. Cigarettes are 'part of' the pack rather than contained within it because the pack is both the packaging and the cigarettes. pack of cigarettes The number of cigarettes that are sold within a pack. pack size cigarette pack size Formulation of a drug-containing product, including the characteristics of its components, the chemical nature of the drug , drug solubility in water and organic solvents, particle size and surface area, type of dosage form and the excipients and processes used in its manufacturing. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ncit/terms?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42638 Much of the NCIT definition as been used but not all because it does not quite capture what is needed. pharmaceutical formulation A medicine that can only be provided to a patient in a jurisdiction if authorised by a prescription. prescription-only medicine A nicotine replacement therapy that is prescribed to a person by a medical practitioner. Prescription NRT prescription nicotine replacement therapy A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes that bring the product into existence or purpose it as a product. producer of product An artifact that has a product role. DOI: 10.3233/AO-190210 This entity is the one specified in the Product Life Cycle Ontologies. It could not be imported because those ontologies do not conform to the OBO Foundry standard. This entity only includes objects. Commodities and intangible entities such as software are classified separately. product Adrugthat changesbrainfunction and results in alterations inperception,mood,consciousness,cognition, orbehaviour. psychoactive substance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35471 asentheogens for ritual, spiritual, orshamanicpurposes or for research. to purposefully improve performance or alter one's consciousness These substances may be used medically recreationally psychoactive drug An e-cigarette atomiser which is built by the end user. RDA Rebuildable dripper atomiser rebuildable e-cigarette atomiser A cigalike e-cigarette that has a rechargeable battery. cigalike. non disposable cigalike rechargeable cigalike e-cigarette An e-cigarette that has as a part a rechargeable battery. non disposable rechargeable e-cigarette An e cigarette consisting of a separate refillable tank, drip tip, coil and rechargeable battery. regulated box mod e-cigarette A tobacco-containing product used by a person for the purpose of smoking tobacco. RYO loose tobacco roll ups roll your own tobacco Roll your own tobacco also known as loose tobacco and used within pipes. roll your own tobacco An e-cigarette that has a rechargeable battery and refillable tank characterised by its penlike shape. penlike e-cigarette second gen second generation e-cigarette An electronic vaping device that resembles an e-cigarette but is branded as a shisha pen. e-hookah hookah pen e-shisha There is no property that always distinguishes a shisha pen from an e-cigarette apart from the branding. They are often long and thin and are often used with nicotine-free e-liquid. shisha pen An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced upon the lighting of a combustible tobacco-containing product and is released into the environment. Sidestream smoke is contrasted with mainstream smoke. sidestream smoke highly potent marijuana from female plants that are specially tended and kept seedless by preventing pollination to induce a high resin content skunk https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sinsemilla sinsemilla A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed for use in a manner that does not involve combustion. non-combustible tobacco product smokeless tobacco smokeless tobacco product This class includes all tobacco-containing products whose use does not involve burning. It does not include products whose only tobacco-related constituent is nicotine. Those are in the class of nicotine-containing products. It includes chewing tobacco and snus. smokeless tobacco-containing product A product that is used by a person for the purpose of quitting smoking. NRT product smoking cessation aid A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is ingested by a person into the nasal cavity. nasal snuff An oral tobacco-containing product that is composed mainly or exclusively of moist, ground or powdered tobacco that is processed to make it suitable for use by a person placing it in the mouth between the gum and the cheek. moist snuff People often confuse oral snuff with snus and it is important to recognise that snus is a subclass of oral snuff and not the same as it. This class includes snus as well as other oral ground or powdered tobacco products that are not chewed. oral snuff An e-cigarette part that is designed for use on a mechanical mod, it has an inbuilt reservoir for e-liquid, this is fed to a dripper by either squeezing or pumping the reservoir. squonker A drug attribute which describes the process by which a drug is released into the blood stream at a predetermined rate to maintain a specific drug concentration over a period of time. slow release sustained release drug An e-cigarette with a refillable tank. tank type e-cigarette A cannabis vaping device part that is formed of disposable non-refillable cartridge which is attached to a device for the purpose of consuming cannabis. vape pen, weed vape, oil vape Clarify what cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % cannabis cart vaping device A liquid that contains cannabis. e-liquid, e-juice, vape juice Clarify what cannabis the liquid is made up of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % cannabis containing liquid A vaping device that is used by a person for the purpose of vaping cannabis. weed vape, cannabis vape Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % cannabis vaping device A commodity that is formed from parts of the tobacco plant. tobacco Tobacco that has been processed for use in a tobacco-containing product. processed tobacco A plant of the species that belongs to the Nicotiana genus of herbaceous plants. Nicotiana Although there are definitions of tobacco plant in other ontologies, these were not quite suitable for the purposes of AddictO. Nicotiana species include many varieties. These are commonly referred to as tobacco plants, and are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. N. tabacum is grown worldwide for production tobacco-containing products. tobacco plant A product that is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as a tobacco product. tobacco product This class is required because it is used by US the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products to classify products over which it has jurisdiction. An FDA defined tobacco product is any product that meets the definition of a tobacco product set out in the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and as interpreted by the courts. It is any product made or derived from tobacco that is intended for human consumption, including any component, part, or accessory of a tobacco product . It does not include an article that is a drug. This class is not coherent and is best avoided in scientific discourse because, despite the label, it includes products that have no tobacco constituents in them and excludes products that do have the tobacco constituent nicotine . FDA-defined tobacco product The designated price of a unit of a tobacco product. tobacco product price Aproduct that is made of tobacco or has tobacco as a part and is used by people to ingest some tobacco constituent. tobacco product tobacco This class includes products that contain or consist of parts of the tobacco plant that have been subject to some form of processing. This class does not contain products that only contain nicotine. These are dealt with separately as 'nicotine-containing products'. tobacco-containing product A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a tobacco flavour. tobacco-flavoured e-liquid A nitrosamine which derives from tobacco products and tobacco smoke. TSNA tobacco-specific nitrosamine Smoke that is produced through the burning of tobacco. tobacco smoke An e-cigarette that is pen shaped. pen-like e-cigarette vape pen A product that produces a vapour for inhalation by a person. vaporiser vaporizer vapourizer vapouriser https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporizer_ This class includes any device that produces vapour or aerosol for inhalation for any purpose. There are many different ways in which the vapour is created and many different substances that are inhaled. It is essential when using this term make clear what type of vaporiser is being referred to and what substance or substances are being inhaled. vaping device A product part that is a component of a vaping device. vaping device part Mortality in a population in which the deaths in question are at least partly caused by the consumption of alcohol by people in that population. Expressed in terms of number or proportion of deaths or population attributable fraction. alcohol-related mortality Epidemic of HIV infection. No definition found in Ontobee HIV epidemic A population attribute that reflects the number of deaths within a population within a time frame. mortality The health of a population population health A data item that is the estimated number of years that a person can expect to live, adjusted downwards according to how far the assessed quality of life of that person is less than what is judged to be optimal. QALY No appropriate ontological definition found. Definition based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_life The issue of who does the judging would need to be specified and the basis for the judgement. quality-adjusted life year Treatment demand that is influenced by the availability of the treatment to to population. supply-induced treatment demand A quality of a population that involves the number of people in the population who seek a treatment. treatment demand A data item that is about a person and signifies that the person has been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder within the past 12 months. 12-month diagnosis of alcohol use disorder A person who is exhibiting the attribute of abstinence from engagement in a behaviour. abstainer A personal attribute that is the how readily a person can access a service. access to a service An environmental disposition that is is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receive addiction treatment accessibility of addiction treatment An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to acquire naloxone. accessibility of naloxone Acute effect of using a product on a person in which use of the product involves ingestion of a psychoactive substance. acute effect of ingesting a substance on a person Acute effect of ingesting a substance on a person in which the substance is alcohol. acute effect of ingesting alcohol on a person A process involving a person that results directly from,and within a short time period of, use by the person of a product. acute effect of using a product on a person A mental disposition towards repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm. Dependence The aim is to include dispositions about which there is a consensus that they constitute addiction while avoiding making a disputed statement about whether addiction necessarily involves disordered brain mechanisms . This entity focuses on abnormal motivation to engage in a behaviour and includes serious net harm as a feature. The reason is to limit the class to things that merit a treatment and public health response. It is a quantitative entity and a fuzzy set because there can be varying thresholds set for degree of harm and strength of motivation. As a result, it is essential to operationalise the term for it to be meaningful. addiction A behaviour that is addictive in a significant proportion of of people who engage in it. There is not a consensus on what what counts as a significant proportion but in practice in common usage it can be as low as 10%. Currently accepted as addictive behaviours are: alcohol consumption, use of nicotine or tobacco-containing products, opioid use, stimulant use, cannabis use, sedative use, steroid use,and gambling. Some experts believe that online gaming should be added. addictive behaviour A mental disorder that results in repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm. Dependence disorder This is separated fropm 'addiction' to provide a parent term for the range of 'disorders' relating to substance use that are defined as such and about which, therefore, there cannot be legitimate dispute. addictive disorder A person who has reached maturity. For use in research contexts the minimum age needs to be specified. adult A material entity that is either a human being, an aggregate of humans or an organisation and that has the capability of intentionality. The definition has been altered from 'A material entity which is active in a process or has the relevant capabilities of intentionality.' to allow for the fact that organisations are not aggregates of people in this ontology and that agents need not actually be active in a process. agent Death that is causally influenced by the consumption of alcohol by a person. No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage. a causally influenced b iff a is a process The consumption of alcohol can be either by the decedent or another person. Includes death from disease and death from injury. alcohol-related death Injury that is caused at least in part by the consumption of alcohol by a person. alcohol-related injury A process that is causally influenced by consumption of alcohol by a person. Logically defined class: its members will be inferred by the OWL reasoner - it does not have to be a parent of another class alcohol-related outcome A traffic crash that is at least partially caused by intoxication resulting from consumption of alcohol. alcohol-related traffic crash A fiat part of a complex phenomenon that has salience in a particular context. aspect A process that has as output a material entity that is the material basis for an abnormal homeostasis dispostion. bodily harm Addiction to use of cannabis or cannabis products. Cannabis addiction https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ncit/terms?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C34445 cannabis dependence A psychoactive substance user who is currently using cannabis. cannabis user A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing cardiovascular disease or pulmonary disease over a defined time period. cardiopulminary absolute risk Craving in which the target of the craving is cigarette smoking. cigarette craving Poison that result from ingestion of codeine. codeine poisoning A dual product user who is also an e-cigarette user participating in use that is less than daily frequency. Dual user concurrent non-daily dual user A strong identity in which what is represented is appraised as enduring. The parent class is 'strong identity' which captures the idea that the identity is appraised as important. Core identity adds the characteristic 'enduring'. Therefore core identities are appraised as both important and enduring. core identity A daily tobacco smoker whose who engages in cigarette smoking every day. Daily smoker daily cigarette smoker A daily tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking every day. daily cigarette smoker smoker daily smoker This class is for tobacco smokers who smoke every day, no matter how many episodes of smoking they have each day. Smokers who smoke on average one or more cigarettes each day but do not smoke every day come under the class non-daily tobacco smoker. Daily tobacco smokers people who may very occasionally miss a day of smoking. daily tobacco smoker A subjective emotional feeling that generates a need state and arises from deviation of a physiological state from a target state established as a result of innate or learned processes. drive state A dual product user who particpates in use of both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes every day. Dual user dual daily user A person who engages in e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. e-ciagarette user occassional e-cigarette user vaper Dual user This class includes people who currently use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes rather than people who have once used one product and then used another. This creates ambiguity and to what counts as currently and when operationalised it may be helpful to specify the time period over which episodes of use of both products occurred. e-cigarette and cigarette dual user A person who engages in e-cigarette use. e-cigarette user A subjective emotional feeling involving positive affect associated with reduction in a feeling of need. feeling of need satisfaction A feeling of attraction to something in anticipation of pleasure or satisfaction. feeling of wanting A cognitive representation of themselves by a person or a group about themselves. This entity is more than self-identity of an individual as it includes group identity. identity A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a destructive external force. OGMS:0000102 Replaced 'catastrophic' with 'destructive'. injury A drive state that results from nicotine concentrations in the brain that are below that to which the brain has become accustomed. nicotine drive state A tobacco smoker who participates in tobacco smoking but not every day. Occasional smoker non-daily tobacco smoker An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past 30 days. past-20 day smoker This includes any participation, including one puff on a single cigarette. It is in references to a current time frame that needs to be specified unless it is obvious from the context. past 30-day tobacco smoker Addiction to the behaviour of gambling. Gambling use Disorder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C94335 Pathological gambling = DSM-IV pathological gambling A person who does not suffer from opioid use disorder but who, by virtue of his or her personal qualities or environment, has an elevated probability of developing opioid use disorder in the future. person at risk of opioid use disorder A person who participates in policy making. policy maker A tobacco smoker identity that is a positive identity. positive smoker identity positive tobacco smoker identity A personal attribute of not having enough material possessions or income to meet basic human needs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty Definition changed to one that is ontologically OK. poverty A dual product user who reports predominanly smoking. Dual user A class of 'dual-user' predominant smoker A dual product user who reports predominanly using an e-cigarette. Dual user predominant vaper Death that occurs as a result of an avoidable set of circumstances. premature death A personal attribute that is a person's ability to carry out activities needed to thrive and their mental well-being. QoL No appropriate ontological definition found. Definition based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_life Multiple formulations exist focusing on different aspects. Domains covered include: mental mood, pain, and physical functioning. quality of life An appraisal by a person about themselves self-appraisal An identity that a person has about themselves. The term 'self' sounds tautologous but is required to reflect the fact that this is not identity in terms of who you are but how you represent yourself to yourself. The cognitive representation includes multiple aspects and some of these are social. For example, group memberships, cultural norms. Collective identity as a shared attribute of group is related to this but is separate. self-identity A subjective emotional feeling involving experience directly resulting from sensory processes. It includes touch, brightness, loudness. subjective sensation An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of a psychoactive substance. drug use disorder substance use disorder An emotion directly attributing an affective response to an object, event or experience. It includes liking and disliking. targeted emotion Use of combustible tobacco is a leading cause of tobacco-related disease. A disease in which tobacco use has played a causal role. tobacco-caused disease Use of combustible tobacco increases the users risk of developing tobacco-related disease. A disease in which tobacco use is a significant risk factor. tobacco-related disease A tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking. current smoker current tobacco smoker smoker 'tobacco user' and 'participates in' some 'tobacco smoking' This applies to the current time period and the behaviour pattern of tobacco smoking. The time period and the amount of smoking needs to be operationalised. tobacco smoker A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as a tobacco smoker. tobacco smoker identity A mental process that involves a feeling of strong impulse to engage in a behaviour. urge An urge in which the behaviour that is the target of the feeling is smoking. urge to smoke An identity in which a person represents themselves as a vaper. vaper identity A person who is close in age to the transition between childhood and adulthood. young adult Youth Age range should be specified. young person An aggregate of organizations that manufacture or market alcoholic beverages. see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0028826 alcohol industy A philanthropy organisation that is based in New York. Bloomberg Philanthropies A tobacco company based in London with the company number 03407696. BAT https://www.bat.com/group/sites/uk__9d9kcy.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO89KHEK British American Tobacco P.L.C. An organisation that is engaged in the growth, manufacture, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, or distribution of cannabis products. cannabis company An industry in which the product is cannabis. cannabis industry A cannabis retailer that has a physical outlet. cannabis retail outlet A cannabis company that predominantly sells cannabis products and related merchandise. cannabis retailer An organisation that is engaged in the manufacture, preparation for sale, marketing or distribution of electronic cigarettes, components that are used primarily in electronic cigarettes, and e-liquid. e-cigarette company An industry in which the product is electronic cigarettes or e-liquid. E-Cig industry I have added here promotion of - this sets industry apart from manufactureres of but also includes these types of company. e-cigarette industry A e-cigarette company that predominantly sells e-cigarettes, e-cigarette components or e-liquid to consumers. E-Cig merchant E-cig Industry vape retailer vape shop E-Cig shop e-cigarette retailer An e-cigarette shop is an e-cigarette retailer that has a physical outlet. e-cigarette shop An industry in which the services provided relate to gambling activities. gambling industry A governmental organisation set up for a purpose. These are set up for purposes such as management of resources, financial oversight of industries, or national security issues. These organizations are typically created by legislative action, but may initially be set up by presidential order as well. The directors of these agencies are typically selected by Presidential appointment government agency An e-cigarette company that has no commercial or financial association with a tobacco company. Independent vape business vape company Independent vape company independent e-cigarette company An e-cigarette industry that has only independent e-cigarette companies as a part. independent vape industry vape industry independent e-cigarette industry An aggregate of organisations that manufacture, prepare for sale, distribute, market or promote products or services. industry A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes which are intended to increase the amount of a product that is sold by making people want the product. marketer of product An aggregate of organisations. organisation aggregate A material entity which can play roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. Organization OBI:0000245 The definition from OBI has been slightly changed to refer to 'material entity' rather than 'continuant entity' organisation A tobacco company based in Switzerland with the business identification number CHE-105.950.151. PMI https://www.pmi.com/company-information Philip Morris International A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes through which a product is sold. retailer of product A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes through which a product is obtained or brought to the retailer or user. supplier of product An organisation that is engaged in the growth, manufacture, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, or distribution of tobacco and products that include tobacco. This excludes law firms acting for the TI. It also excludes NRT manufacturers and e-cig manufacturers even though nicotine is derived from tobacco. tobacco company An industry in which the product is tobacco. tobacco industry A tobacco retailer that has a physical outlet. tobacco retail outlet A tobacco company that predominantly sells tobacco products. tobacco retailer A tobacco retailer that has a physical outlet where tobacco products are the major part of their product range. tobacconist A shop that sells products related to vaping. vape shop An emergency department facility that is part of a university hospital. academic emergency department facility An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to acquire a product. accessibility of a product An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receive a service. accessibility of a service Accessibility of a product where the product is heroin. accessibility of heroin Accessibility of a service where the service is opioid agonist therapy accessibility of opioid agonist therapy A health care facility within a hospital that provides acute medical care for patients that have presented as medical emergencies to a hospital or who have developed an acute medical illness while in hospital. acute medical ward https://www.rcpmedicalcare.org.uk/designing-services/specialties/acute-internal-medicine/services-delivered/acute-medical-unit/ acute medical unit Accessibility of a product where the product is an alcoholic beverage alcohol availability accessibility of alcohol An information content entity that is about amount and quality of human and physical resources available to the inhabitants of a geospatial region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development level of economic development Dose in which the thing administered is nicotine. nicotine dose An action specification sets rules and regulations concerning activities of agents under a person's or organisation's jurisdiction. policy A law that creates a requirement on product manufacturers to pre-notify a relevant authority of the product characteristics and receive approval before marketing a product. prior product authorisation law A pharmacy access law in which the product being distributed is naloxone. naloxone pharmacy access law A law that aims to facilitate distribution of a product through retail pharmacy channels. pharmacy access law An intervention that it is practicable and affordable to implement so that it reaches the intended target population scalable intervention A government policy aimed at reducing harm from tobacco use. tobacco control policy An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receiveadvice from a primary health care physician. accessibility of primary healthcare physician advice Treatment in which the disorder that is being treated is addiction. addiction treatment A government policy aimed at reducing consumption of alcohol or harm from consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdiction. No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage. A disjunctive class. alcohol control policy An alcohol control policy aimed at reducing the harm from consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdication without promoting complete abstinence from alcohol. No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage. alcohol harm reduction policy An alcohol control policy aimed at reducing the consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdiction. No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage. alcohol reduction policy An organisation that provides a clinical service. clinical provider Drug scheduling in which the drug concerned is codeine. codeine scheduling Treatment of addiction that either a drug user or a person with a drug problem is compelled to undergo by a legal authority in the jurisdiction in which they reside. compulsory addiction treatment A data item that is about an intervention and is the estimated financial cost of delivering that intervention to a population in a setting in order to gain one QALY in the population. No ontological definition found. Definition based on definition of ICER https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incremental_cost-effectiveness_ratio cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained A public policy that involves legislation to reduce the incidence of vehicle driving with alcohol in the body. drink driving legislation A national drug policy that classifies drugs into classes, called 'schedules' according to their potential for abuse, safety, addictive potential and whether or not they have legitimate medical applications. Each schedule has rules regarding restrictions on use and penalties for misuse. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Pages/Controlled-Substances-Not-Just-Street-Drugs.aspx drug scheduling A public policy that regulates e-cigarettes or their use. Includes public policies concerning the manufacture, marketing, and sales of e-cigarettes. e-cigarette policy A plan specification for delivering an intervention that has been developed on a part of a population to the full population. intervention scale-up strategy A directive information entity that is produced by government and enables, prohibits or bans activities, or establishes rights or responsibilities. legislation A national policy that concerns the manufacture, marketing, distribution, use and harms from psychoactive drugs. national drug policy A treatment that involves providing a safer opioid agonist to a person with opioid addiction in order to reduce their psychological need for the opioid to which they are addicted. Opioid agonist therapy No ontological definition found. opioid agonist treatment An intervention scale-up strategy for delivering a opioid agonist treatment programme to a population. opioid agonist treatment scale-up strategy An action specification that a government produces that includes rules and regulations concerning activities of agents under the government's jurisdiction. Public policy government policy A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. treatment A subjective emotional feeling involving a strong desire or urge. craving A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing a given disease over a defined time period. disease absolute risk A person who uses psychoactive substances. User of substances user of drugs Substance user psychoactive substance user Injury to the body or interference of normal body functions by a substance that is ingested. poisoning An addiction that is to a substance that is ingested. substance addiction A process in which a vehicle collides with an object, person or vehicle, causing damage. traffic accident A person who is undergoing the developmental stage of transition from childhood to adulthood. adolescent A rule recognised by the legal system of a country or community law A dependent continuant that is shared by all members of a population, or an attribute that characterises a population as a whole This is what the root of the BCIO population ontology is in actual effect population attribute A disposition of a material entity or a process to cause addiction to it. This is a quantitative entity that is only meaningful when operationalised in terms of the proportion of people who are exposed who become addicted, the mode of use, the severity of addiction and any other contextual factors that may be in play. Addictiveness can be a disposition of material entity such as a chemical substance or a process such as gambling behaviour. addictiveness A psychoactive drug that is used to reduce depression. Parent in CheBI is psychotropic drug antidepressant drug A psychoactive drug that is used to treat mania. antimanic drug A psychoactive drug that is used to reduce anxiety. Note - these drugs are used to reduce anxiety even when there is no anxiety disorder, e.g. associated with worrying events anxiolytic drug The concentration of a drug in a portion of matter. drug concentration A quality of a drug that is the amount of a desired effect of the drug for a given dose and a given mode of administration. Drugs may have different potencies for different drug effects. Effect of the drug on side-effects is not covered by this definition. If a drug has more than one effect that may be desired, it is necessary to specify what effect or effects are included in a given usage of the term. drug potency A process attribute of drug ingestion that is the amount of a drug that is ingested. To be meaningful it is necessary to describe the ingestion process in terms of its duration and mode of ingestion. Ingestion in this case means entering body tissue. It does not include drug that is swallowed but not absorbed through the wall of the GI tract. This attribute depends on the concentration of the drug, the mode of administration, and the absorption process. drug received dose An information content entity that specifies the amount of a drug in a single item of a drug preparation. This is not the same as dose received or dose that is potentially delivered by the preparation into the body. Drug unit dose as an attribute of a defined drug preparation drug unit dose A tobacco-containing product that is a part of a heated tobacco-containing product. The formal definition looks clunky but is formally correct. heated tobacco-containing product part A commodity that is liquid liquid commodity A product part that is a component of a tobacco-containing product. tobacco-containing product part A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a mint flavour. mint flavoured e-liquid A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a menthol flavour. menthol flavoured e-liquid 13% of e-cigarette users report having tried a sweet flavoured e-liquid, e.g., candy floss. A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a sweet flavour. Sweet flavours include a broad range of flavour choices but they are distinct from fruit flavours and therefore need to described. sweet flavoured e-liquid A data item which indicates the absolute reduction number of cigarettes smoked over a period of time. Cigarette reduction ADDICTO:0000103 absolute smoking reduction A tobacco use behaviour where the person plans to quit smoking. planned cigarette smoking quit attempt A data item which indicates the number of number of cigarettes less per day a person has smoked since the last time data was collected. Cigarettes per day reduction in cigarettes per day An e-cigarette use pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule. Here e-cigarette is specified as the object, see also ad lib vaping. ad lib e-cigarette use A cigarette use pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule. Ad lib cigarette use ad lib smoking A cannabis use behaviour that involves ingesting cannabis. cannabis use A tobacco use pattern that indicates current use of cigarettes. current cigarette use A tobacco use pattern that involves smoking at least once per day. cigarette daily use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 30-days prior to the time of asking. cigarette past 30-day use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 7-days prior to the time of asking. cigarette past 7-day use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 1-month prior to the time of asking. cigarette past 1-month use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 1-year prior to the time of asking. cigarette past 1-year use A tobacco use behaviour that involves smoking a cigarette. cigarette use A tobacco use behaviour that involves ingesting smoke from a cigarette. Tobacco smoking cigarette smoking A product demand in which the product is cigarettes. Purchase demand cigarette demand A population attribute that involves the amount of a product that a population uses. It would normally be necessary to specify the population, the product and the conditions that create the demand. product demand A behaviour pattern that includes use of a product at least once. ever use Ever use in which the product is a cigarette. Ever smoked cigarette ever use A behaviour that involves an exchange of money for a good or service. product purchase A product purchase in which the product is a cigarette. Tobacco purchase cigarette purchase A behavioural episode that involves the act of drawing cigarette smoke into the body. cigarette puff A tobacco use pattern that involves regular use of cigarettes. cigarette regular use A tobacco use pattern which involves the cessation of smoking cigarettes. tobacco cessation Smoking cessation This represents smoking cigarette cessation only and is deliberately separate from tobacco cessation as other types of tobacco smoking may continue e.g., cannabis and tobacco use. cigarette cessation A data item which indicates the number of cigarettes smoked by a person since their target quit date. number of cigarettes since target quit data A tobacco use pattern that involves smoking cigarettes less frequent than once per day. non daily cigarette use A tobacco use behaviour that involves inhalation of the products of tobacco combustion. combustible tobacco use An alcohol use pattern that involves consuming alcohol at least once per day. daily alcohol consumption A cannabis use pattern that involves ingesting cannabis at least once per day. daily cannabis use A tobacco use pattern that involves smoking a cigarette at least once per day. Daily cigarette consumption Everyday cigarette consumption daily cigarette use A heroin use pattern that involves injecting heroin into the body at least once per day. daily heroin injection A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a cigarette. Puffs per day daily number of puffs on a cigarette An opioid use pattern that involves ingesting prescription opioids at least once per day. daily prescription opioid use A substance use pattern of behaviour that involves the concurrent use by a person of two substances. dual use A consumption behaviour that involves concurrent use by a person of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco use. Dual use dual cigarette and smokeless tobacco use A temporal region during which a person concurrently used both e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Dual use dual e-cigarette use duration A consumption behaviour that involves concurrent use by a person of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Dual use dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes The temporal extent that a behavioural process projects into. duration of behaviour A product use behaviour that involves using an e-cigarette. e-cigarette use An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates current use of e-cigarettes. current e-cigarette use An e-cigarette use pattern that involves use of a device at least once per day. e-cigarette daily use An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 30-days prior to the time of asking. e-cigarette past 30-day use An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 7-days prior to the time of asking. e-cigarette past 7-day use An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 1-month prior to the time of asking. e-cigarette past 1-month use An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 1-year prior to the time of asking. e-cigarette past 1-year use A product demand in which the product is e-cigarettes. Purchase demand e-cigarette demand Ever use in which the product is an e-cigarette. Ever vaped e-cigarette ever use A product purchase in which the product is an e-cigarette. E-cigarette purchase e-cigarette purchase A behavioural episode that involves the act of drawing aerosol produced by an e-cigarette into the body. e-cigarette puff An e-cigarette use pattern that involves regular use of e-cigarettes. e-cigarette regular use Individuals who use an e-cigarette on a non-daily basis are less likely to achieve tobacco cessation compared with those who use e-cigarettes on a daily basis. An e-cigarette use pattern that involves using e-cigarettes less frequent than a daily basis. infrequent e-cigarette use. Less than daily e-cigarette use non-daily e-cigarette use An e-cigarette use behaviour which indicates the trial use of e-cigarette devices. People may experiment with when they first encounter e-cigarettes but not all will go on to become regular users. experimentation with e-cigarettes Smoking cessation in which a smoker goes from his or her usual level of cigarette consumption to no use of cigarette over a period of time. gradual smoking cessation A tobacco use pattern that indicates current use of heated tobacco containing product. current heated tobacco containing product use A tobacco use pattern that involves use of a heated tobacco containing product at least once per day. heated tobacco containing product daily use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 30-days prior to the time of asking. heated tobacco containing product past 30-day use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 7-days prior to the time of asking. heated tobacco containing product past 7-day use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 1-month prior to the time of asking. heated tobacco containing product past 1-month use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 1-year prior to the time of asking. heated tobacco containing product past 1-year use A product demand in which the product is heated tobacco containing products. Purchase demand The type of heated tobacco containing product should also be defined. heated tobacco containing product demand Ever use in which the product is a heated tobacco containing product. heated tobacco containing product ever use A product purchase in which the product is a heated tobacco containing product. Tobacco purchase heated tobacco containing product purchase A tobacco use pattern that involves regular use of a heated tobacco containing product. heated tobacco containing product regular use A tobacco use pattern that involves using heated tobacco containing product less frequent than once per day. non daily heated tobacco containing product use A data item which indicates the number of puffs cigarettes smoked per day by a person. CPD Cigarettes per day Cigarettes/day number of cigarettes smoked per day A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed within a defined period. number of drinks consumed A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per day. number of drinks per drinking day A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a e-cigarette. number of e-cigarette puffs per day A data item which indicates the number of years a person has been smoking cigarettes. Years of smoking Number of years smoking does not provide any indication of amount or frequency of smoking. number of years of cigarette smoking A number denoting a quantity of cigarette smoking made up of the number of years of smoking multiplied by the number packs of 20 cigarettes smoked on average per day over that period. pack years A data item which indicates the number of packs of cigarettes smoked by a person per day. packs of cigarettes smoked per day Tobacco smoking abstinence that lasts for a defined period of time. Smoking cessation The amount of time needs to be specified. point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence A tobacco use behaviour that involves ingesting a smokeless tobacco-contaoing product. smokeless tobacco use A tobacco use pattern that indicates current use of smokeless tobacco . current smokeless tobacco use A tobacco use pattern that involves use of smokeless tobacco at least once per day. smokeless tobacco daily use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 30-days prior to the time of asking. smokeless tobacco past 30-day use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 7-days prior to the time of asking. smokeless tobacco past 7-day use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 1-month prior to the time of asking. smokeless tobacco past 1-month use A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 1-year prior to the time of asking. smokeless tobacco past 1-year use A product demand in which the product is smokeless tobacco. Purchase demand The type of smokeless tobacco product should also be defined. smokeless tobacco demand Ever use in which the product is a smokeless tobacco product. smokeless tobacco ever use A product purchase in which the product is smokeless tobacco. Tobacco purchase smokeless tobacco purchase A tobacco use pattern that involves regular use of smokeless tobacco. smokeless tobacco regular use A tobacco use pattern that involves using smokeless tobacco less frequent than once per day. non daily smokeless tobacco use A substance use behaviour that involves the use of a tobacco-containing product. tobacco use A person who was a tobacco smoker in the past but who is not currently a tobacco smoker. ex-smoker, ex-tobacco smoker CN This class aims to capture as objectively as possible the history of a person's behaviour. It does not make reference to whether the person considers themselves be an ex-smoker because this is captured by the 'ex-tobacco smoker identity' class. former tobacco smoker A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as having previously been a tobacco smoker but currently not being a tobacco smoker. CN ex-tobacco smoker identity An identity that a group holds about itself. can a socially shared representtaion be said to be purely cognitive? I.e query parent entity? group identity A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as no longer having some positively appraised characteristic. lost self-identity A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as a not being a tobacco smoker. non tobacco smoker identity A self-identity representing something as having been positively appraised in the past but as currently negatively appraised. spoiled self-identity An element of a behaviour process which can be used to characterise the behaviour Should this be defined in the Human Behaviour Ontology? behaviour attribute A behaviour pattern that involves consuming a product. Should be defined in the Human Behaviour Ontology consumption behaviour pattern A consumption behaviour that involves ingesting a psychoactive substance. substance use A tobacco use pattern that involves only the exclusive use of tobacco-containing products at the time of asking or within a defined period. Exclusive tobacco use The tobacco-containing product must be spedified. The period of time over which exclusive use relates to should be defined. exclusive tobacco-containing product use An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates exlusive use of e-cigarettes at the time of asking or within a defined period. Exclusive e-cigarette use The period of time over which exclusive use relates to should be defined. exclusive e-cigarette use A data item which indicates the first time a person a used a nicotine-containing product. nicotine product first used A data item which indicates the number of days a person has remained abstinent from a particular substance or behaviour. number of days abstinent A data item which indicates the number of days per week a person has drunk alcohol to levels which are considered to be excessive. The writer must state by which organisations value or measure the person is considered to be drinking excessively. number of days per week of excessive drinking A data item which indicates the number of days required to achieve abstinence from alcohol. number of days required to achieve abstinence A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week. number of drinking days per week A tobacco use pattern that involves the process of quitting smoking cigarettes. Note this quitting smoking is distinguished from smoking cessation as in this label we are describing the process of quitting. quitting smoking "Solitary drinking was defined as drinking while physically alone ". Skrzynski CJ, Creswell KG. A systematic review and meta-analysis on solitary drinking in adults. Alcohol consumption in which the person consuming an alcohol-containing product does so with no-one else present in the same location. This definition has been chosen because it is the most commonly encountered term in the research literature. The definition would not count as solitary drinking alcohol consutmpsion in which there was someone present but not consuming alcohol solitary drinking A disposition inhering in a drug that is realised as adverse consequences to the user of the drug. adverse event profile of a drug Anorganic compoundcontaining one or more hydroxyl groups bound to a saturatedcarbonatom. alcohol A liquid product that has alcohol as a part. alcoholic drink Define the level of alcohol content and type of beverage. alcohol-containing beverage A nonessential amino acid that is a salt of aspartic acid. aspartate A type of retailer that sells beverages. beverage retailer A type of liquid product that is consumed. beverage A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a cylinder of tobacco leaf containing cannabis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blunt_ In some cases a cigar is hollowed out and filled with cannabis. Blunts can also be manufactured. blunt The practice of including or involving a range of different brands in order to be attractive to a wide range of different people. brand diversity A buprenorphine mixture with naloxone. buprenorphine-naloxone A medicinal product which contains cannabinoids as an active ingredient. cannabinoid medication A cigar that is short and thin with wrapping that is tobacco or tobacco-based paper. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarillo Cigarillos are widely used in the same way as cigarettes, with the smoke being inhaled into the lungs. For public health purposes they should be classed with cigarettes. cigarillo A beverage that has been prepared from coffee beans. coffee A data item which indicates the cost using an e-cigarette. Cost relates to currency and period of time, both must be defined. cost of e-cigarette use A medicinial product that contains naloxone which is formulated in a way that releases over time. extended release/long-acting naloxone A medicinal product that contains naltrexone which is formulated in a way that releases over time. sustained release naltrexone XR-NTX extended-release naltrexone A data item which indicates the cost of a product or behaviour. cost Indicate currency and period of time, both must be defined. financial cost A data item which indicates the cost of smoking. Indicate currency and period of time, both must be defined. financial cost of smoking A medicinal product which is licencesed to treat, prevent or aid paricular conditions, illnesses or diseases. medication A cigaratte that is flavoured with the compound menthol. menthol cigarette A psychoactive substance which is consumed for non-medical purposes and usually sold illegally. narcotic A psychoactive substance that is newly recognised as a drug of abuse. emerging drug new psychoactive substance NPS novel psychoactive substance A synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that is novel and new in its usage. SCRA new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist An opioid that is a naturally occuring psychoactive substance derived from the plant papaver somniferum opiate Naltrexone that is consumed via the mouth. oral naltrexone A role preformed by an individual who participates in administering a substance orally. orally administered A psychoactive drug that stimulates the central nervous system. stimulants psychomotorstimulants psychostimulant A central nervous system depressant that has the application of sedative effects. sedative drug A cannabinoid receptor agonist which consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring cannabinoids. synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist The extent and rate at which a substance is absorbed in order to have a physiological affect on the whole body. systemic bioavailability An alcohol user who presents with alcohol use disorder. dependent drinker harmful drinker person with alcohol dependence risky drinker Alcohol dependence We strongly advise against using synonyms and especially alcoholic, this term given its lack of clinical definition and stigmatising connotations. person with alcohol use disorder A psychoactive substance user who consumes alcohol. alcohol consumer Drinker alcohol user A daily cigarette smoker who, when circumstances allow, smokes continually with little or no tempora gap between cigarettes for much of their waking hours. Heavy smoker chain smoker A psychoactive substance user who reports current psychoactive substance use. current user Current substance user The term current must be defined further and frequency of use should also be recorded for greater clarification. current psychoactive substance user A tobacco smoker who has ever participated in smoking. Ever smoker Ever should be further defined and frequency of past use should be indicated where possible. ever tobacco smoker A tobacco smoker who is an ex-e-cigarette user current smoker ex e-cigarette user ex-vaper Smoker This class requires specification of the time period since e-cigarette use stopped. E-cigarette use may have been with or without tobacco smoking. tobacco smoker and ex-e-cigarette user An e-cigarette user who is a former tobacco smoker. ex-smoking e-cigarette user A person who was a regular tobacco smoker in the past but is not currently a tobacco smoker. The use of 'regular tobacco user' in this case does not mean daily or weekly but rather that the person has used tobacco for at least a year. former regular tobacco smoker A person who was a substance in the past but is not currently a substance user. ex-substance user Substance use includes caffeine, nicotine, alcohol as well as ones that are generally referred to in the literature such as cannabis. former substance user A person who was a cigarette smoker in the past but is not currently a cigarette smoker. ex-smoker, ex-cigarette smoker Note that the parent cannot be former tobacco smoker because a former cigarette smoker may still be using another form of tobacco former cigarette smoker A psychoactive substance user who administers substance/s by injection. Injecting drug user IDU person who injects drugs A person who has never smoked tobacco. Never smoker is often defined as a person who has smoked fewer than 20 cigarettes in their lifetime. never smoker A person who does not currently report smoking tobacco. non-smoker Ex-smoker The term nono-smoker is included as a synonym but is discouraged from use. Not currently smoking also needs to be further defined by providign details of time since last smoking and frequency of smoking. not a current smoker A person who is not a substance user. non-psychoactive substance user non-substance user An example using this definition: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.15295 An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past year. past-year smoker This definition is commonly used in outputs from the Smoking Toolkit Study. It refers to those who affirm smoking any tobacco products within the past 12 months. For more info see: www.smokinginengland.info past-year tobacco smoker A psychoactive substance user who reports using substances. drug user substance user PWUD Use should be further defined into time and frequency. person who uses drugs An opioid user who presents with a clinical diagnosis of opioid use disorder. drug user substance user PWUD person with opioid use disorder A tobacco smoker that is pregnant. pregnant smoker A former regular tobacco smoker who has smoked within the past 12 months. past regular smoker Ex-smoker recent former regular tobacco smoker A tobacco smoker who reports recently smoking. recent smoker smoker Current smoker The time period that is meant by recent must be defined. recent smoker A carcinogen where there is sufficent evidence, with an established casual relationship, to suggest it is carcinogenic to humans. IARC group 1 carcinogen A carcinogen where there is limited evidence in humans, but sufficient evidence in animals to suggest it is probably carcinogenic to humans. IARC group 2 carcinogen Cocaine which has been heated, purified, concentrated, and compressed into smokeable, pebble-sized crystals. UMLS Metathesaurus Browser crack cocaine A substance that is produced by a living organsism and is toxic, noxious or poisonous UMLS Metathesaurus Browser toxin A chemical substance that has the carcinogenic agent role. This is distinguished from carcinogenic agent in order to separate a chemical from its role. Carcinogenic agent role is defined in CHEBI as 'A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquisition of tumoral capabilities.' carcinogen An ex-smoker who reports being at risk of relapse to smoking. risk-relapse If possible how risk of relapse is being defined should be stated. adult at risk of relapse to smoking The age at which a person reports quitting smoking tobacco. Age quit smoking Quit age age of smoking cessation A cannabis user who smokes cannabis. This defintion deliberately seperates cannabis smoking from the use of cannabis by edibles. cannabis smoker A cannabis user who vapes cannabis. This defintion deliberately seperates cannabis smoking from vaping. cannabis vaper A daily cannabis user who smokers cannabis daily. daily cannabis smoker A cannabis user who uses cannabis products daily. daily cannabis user An e-cigarette user who engages in e-cigarette use every day. daily vaper if not daily e-cigarette user. If other products are used alongside the e-cigarette this should be noted daily e-cigarette user A daily cigarette smoker who is not seeking smoking cessation treatment. daily tobacco user unmotivated smoker Daily smoker daily non-treatment-seeking cigarette smoker A cigarette smoker who is tobacco dependent according to a defined and validated measure. nicotine dependent tobacco dependent The measure and data must be presented. dependent cigarette smoker An e-cigarette user who self-reports first time ever use of an e-cigarette. New e-cigarette user The purpose of this defintion is only to highlight first use. In addition to this it is important to state whether the person using the e-cigarette is a current smoker, ex-smoker or never. e-cigarette first user A cannabis smoker who only smokes their cannabis. cannabis smoker Intended defintion for those who smoke their cannabis only and do not use cannabis in any other form. exclusive cannabis smoker A cannabis vaper who only vapes their cannabis. cannabis vaper This defintion is for those who chose to vape their cannabis and are not using their cannabis in any form which involves combustion. exclusive cannabis vaper An e-cigarette user who is not a tobacco user. daily e-cigarette user Vaper Exclusive user refers to the complete absence of a tobacco containing product. They could be using another kind of nicotine product such as nicotine transdermal patch. non-tobacco using e-cigarette user An ex-smoker who has not smoked for approximately one-year or more. ex-smoker This is fuzzy set because the time frame is approximate and needs to be defined in published work. long-term ex-smoker An e-cigarette user who does not use their e-cigarette on a daily basis. non daily vaper occassional e-cigarette user The frequency of use should still be quatified if possible and other products e.g., cigarettes, if used alongside should be recorded. non-daily e-cigarette user A psychoactive substance user who is not seeking treatment for their substance use at the current time of recording data. non-treatment seeking A cannabis user who ingests cannabis through edible products. This defintion deliberately seperates cannabis smoking from the use of cannabis by edibles. user of edible cannabis products An e cigarette part that is the tank for a CE4 e cigarette CE4 e-cigarette tank A cannabis vaping device that consists of an internal batter, a chamber for the cannabis and a mouthpiece. They are small, simple to operate and portable. THC vape pens dab pen weed vape pens Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % cannabis vape pen A toxicant that has an effect on the cardiovascular system. cardiovascular toxicant A toxicant that has interferes with homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation or behaviour within the developmental process. developmental toxicant A drug quality which involves the acute harmful health effects of the drug. drug toxicity A dry herb vaporiser that consists of an internal battery, a chamber for the THC and a mouthpiece. It is small, simple to operate and is portable. dry herb pen, dry herb tank, dry herb atomizer weed vape pens Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what % dry herb vaporiser pen A liquid product that contains a high percentage of sugar, caffeine or another stimulant and is promoted as a product capable of increasing alertness and reducing fatigue. energy drink A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. Indicate amount in grams grams of alcohol Any class of substances characterised by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility and high reflectivity of light. metal A toxicant that has an effect on the reproductive systsem. reproductive toxicant A toxicant that has an effect on the respiratory system. respiratory toxicant The effect produced by a substance which contains toxins. toxic effect A quality of a toxin substance. toxicant An e-cigarette user who has been using e-cigarettes for one year or more. experienced e-cigarette user long-term e-cigarette user An e-liquid that includes nicotine. nicotine e-liquid The concentration of nicotine in the e-liquid will usually need to be defined for use of this term to be meaningful. nicotine-containing e-liquid A material entity that is a component of another product. We use the term 'proper part' to ensure clarity in that in formal theories, everything is a part of itself. product part An ex-smoker who quit less than a year ago. former smoker recent quitter past smoker This is a fuzzy because the time frame is not universally agreed and if this term is used, what is meant by recent must be defined. recent ex-smoker An e-cigarette retailer that has no commercial or financial association with a tobacco company. Independent vape shop independent vape retailer vape retailer Independent e-cig shop independent e-cigarette retailer A quality or disposition of a product. product characteristic This class is intended to allow reference to anything that is either a quality or disposition of a product. product attribute A psychoactive substance disposition to cause harm as a result of use by a person. drug harmfulness drug-related harm substance harmfulness There are many related classes for which the term 'harmfulness' is applied. AddictO uses the term to refer to a disposition. This is different from the actual harm caused in a given situation. This class is a disposition of a product to cause harm when used by an individual. It needs to be distinguished from actual amount of harm caused by a product in a given situation which will depend on how the product is used and other aspects of the situation in which it is used. It refers to a harm from an individual's use. Harmfulness from use by a population is different because it depends on how how many people use the substance. Harmfulness itself is an aggregate of individual types of harm. This aggregation can be undertaken in an infinite number of ways which means that use of the class is only meaningful when the harm is precisely operationalised. psychoactive substance individual-level harmfulness A product disposition that is realised as an amount of harm that it can cause. This entity is only meaningful when operationalised in terms of whether the harm is per individual user, per person or thing being harmed, or whether it is in a population, and the harm itself is defined and operationalised. If the harm being referred to is harm to health, this must be specified. product harmfulness A TB patient that is of adult age and is currently receiving medical care. Adult age needs to be defined. adult TB patient A disease of the respiratory system that causes lung conditions these include emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A person that uses both smokeless tobacco-containing products and concurrently smokers tobacco. dual user tobacco smoker user of tobacco smokeless user The type of smokeless product that is being used should be defined. Also, the frequency of dual use should be reported. dual smokeless-containing product user and tobacco smoker A person with COPD that reports current use of an e-cigarette. Vaper with COPD e-cigarette user with COPD A smokeless tobacco-containing product user that uses heated tobacco products. smokeless tobacco user tobacco user heat not burn user heated-tobacco containing product user A person who is living with HIV and also reports being a current smoker. HIV positive smoker person living with HIV who smokes A person with a clinical status that indicates the person is living with COPD. person with COPD A person with COPD that reports being a current smoker. current smoking patient with COPD smoker with COPD person with COPD who currently smokes A tobacco-containing product user that uses smokeless tobacco. Smokeless user There is a wide range of smokeless tobacco-containing products so it is important to state which product/s the user is consuming. smokeless tobacco-containing product user A smokeless tobacco-containing product user that reports using snuff. smokeless user tobacco user smokeless tobacco user snuff user A person that reports using snus. snus user A person living with tuberculosis. TB patient A TB patient that reports being a current smoker. TB patient who smokes A person who uses tobacco-containing products. The type of product that is being used must be defined. tobacco-containing product user A tobacco-containing product user who reports using a waterpipe. waterpipe user waterpipe smoker A cigarette made of tobacco and cloves. Kretek An oil based liquid product that is used in some cannabis vaping devices for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person. CO2 oil butane or propane hash oil cannabis oil distillate hash oil honey oil THC oil Clarify what cannabis the oil consists of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % cannabis oil A vaping device part that is part of a cannabis vaping device. cannabis vaping device part Toxicity to the extent it causes harm at clinical levels. clinical toxicity A tabletop vaporiser that is designed to vape cannabis flower or herbs desktop or tabletop vaporizer dry herb vaporiser Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what % dry herb tabletop vaporiser The concentration of carbonyls in a portion of e-cigarette vapour. e-cigarette vapour carbonyl concentration https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/12/e003732 A cigarette pack which contains the full product brand name, logo or visual motif imprinted on it. fully branded cigarette pack A term used to categorise a group of drugs that have a high addictive potential. hard drug Toxicity which is caused by nicotine. nicotine toxicity A cannabis vaping device that is battery operated and therefore easy to carry around. handheld dry herb vape portable vape portable weed vape handheld vaporiser Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % portable cannabis vaporiser A cannabis vaping device which is large, usually mains powered and intended for use in one location. desktop vaporiser tabletop vaporiser A disposition of causing harm to an organism. toxicity A cancer charity that is focused on cancer research within the UK with a company number 4355631. CRUK Cancer Research UK The US government agency that has responsibility for health protection. CDC Centers for Disease Control The US government agency that has statutary responsibility for regulation of medicinal products. Food and Drug Administration A cancer charity that is focused on cancer research and care in Ireland with a the charity number CHY5863. Irish Cancer Society An e-cigarette organisation with headquarters based in San Francisco. JUUL labs A medical and health care service that is publicly funded to provide care for people in the UK. NHS National Health Service An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations. funder http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001942 grant agency An organisation which is involved in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of people. medical and health care service The use of mulled cigarettes mulling A research study that aims to determine the value of carrying out a full-scale study or intervention and how that study or intervention should be implemented. https://pilotandfeasibilitystudies.qmul.ac.uk/introduction/#:~:text=A feasibility study asks whether, conducted on a smaller scale There are other definitions available but they do not capture what is needed, including the feasibility and value of a study and finding out how best to carry out the study. This one follows the guidance of Eldridge and colleague . Feasibility studies can include assessment of study methods as well as whatever is being studied. This definition does not include full-scale studies that assess the feasibility of an intervention. feasibility study A feasibility study that evaluates an intervention. This is a broader class than pilot trial because a a feasibility trial may involve an evaluation that is not a smaller scale version of a full-scale RCT, for example, trying out a range of different interventions or ways of conducting the trial. feasibility trial A pilot trial in which a controlled trial is being piloted. The semantics of this definition are carried by the use of the parent class and the fact that a pilot study is a smaller version of a full-scale study and the full-scale study is a controlled trial. This entity is intended to provide users with an opportunity to be specific about the nature of the study in that it follows the procedures of a controlled trial where pilot trials include, for example, single arm trials. pilot controlled trial A pilot controlled trial in which what is piloted is a randomised controlled trial. pilot randomised controlled trial A feasibility study that involves a smaller-scale version or part of the intervention or study whose feasibility is being assessed. https://pilotandfeasibilitystudies.qmul.ac.uk/introduction/#:~:text=A feasibility study asks whether,conducted on a smaller scale The aim of this definition is to make a useful and clear distinction from feasibility studies. It uses the definition set out by Eldridge and colleagues . pilot study A pilot study in which what is being piloted is a trial that evaluated an intervention. The aim is to make a clear distinction from both pilot study and feasibility trial. This includes pilot controlled trial as a subclass. Pilot trials need not be controlled trials. They include single arm trials. pilot trial Literature that is an output of research activity scientific literature research literature The revenue received from the sale of alcohol. alcohol sales revenue An antagonist at the alpha 4 beta 2* nicotinic cholinergic receptor, but has only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist. ChEBI only lists nicotinic antagonist ChEBI:48878 alpha 4 beta 2* subtype selective nicotinic acetylcholine partial receptor antagonist The amount of a substance that needs to be ingested to provide an observable behavioural effect. behaviourally-relevant dose of a substance A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a thin small cylinder of dried leaf containing finely chopped tobacco. beedee These are usually hand-rolled and include flavouring. They are popular in India. The smoke is usually inhaled into the lungs and so for public health purposes they should be classified with cigarettes. bidi A specially designed atomizer which can be adding to a tank system to allow vaping of cannabis. https://vaping360.com/best-vape-tanks/dry-herb-atomizers/ Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what % dry herb atomizer A tank system with a dry herb atomizer attached to it to allow the vaping of cannabis https://vaping360.com/best-vape-tanks/dry-herb-atomizers/ Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what % dry herb tank A cigarette whose parts have been purchased separately and assembled by hand or using a device for single assembly. RYO own-roll cigarette roll-your-own cigarette hand-rolled cigarette An element with atomic symbol Pb, atomic number 82, and atomic weight 207.2. UMLS CUI: C0023175 lead Money that has a revenue role. revenue A role that inheres in money by virtue of it being acquired by an economic agent for providing a good or service or as a levy. revenue role A smoking product that consists of an open chamber designed to contain organic matter for burning, an enclosed bowl containing water, a flexible hose connected to the bowl and a mouthpiece on the other end, which is used for smoking organic matter. hubbly-bubbly narghile Shisha pipe https://www.theshishashop.com/blog/2014/03/whats-difference-shisha-hookah/ This is mainly used for smoking tobacco but any kind of organic matter can be smoked using it. hookah Oral snuff in which tobacco, moisturizers, sodium carbonate, salt , sweeteners and flavourings are mixed to form a moist product, resulting in very low concentrations of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Snus is usually flavoured, but not always. Use usually results in blood nicotine concentrations at least as high as smoking tobacco. They often come in permeable pouches. It is commercially prepared and is consumed by holding in the mouth for 30 minutes or more and does not require chewing, sucking or spitting. snus A cannabis smoker who smokes mulled cigarettes. mulled cigarette smoker A role that is provided by a tobacco company. tobacco funding A commodity that is formed from parts of the cannabis plant. marijuana cannabis A whole plant that belongs to a species of the genus Cannabaceae. Hemp May contain a group of compounds known as cannabinoids that are psychoactive. cannabis plant A leaf of the tobacco plant tobacco leaf A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette as a combination of a container for e-liquid, an atomiser and systems for controlling the atomiser connected together into a single component. e-cigarette pod An e-cigarette in which the e-liquid container can be filled by the user. tank-type e-cigarette The age at which a person initiated substance use. Age of first cannabis use age of substance use initiation A psychoactive substance user who is currently using cocaine. cocaine user A psychoactive substance user who has a high-risk of adverse outcomes as a result of their substance use. high-risk substance user A cannabis user who users medicinal cannabis. medicinal cannabis user A person who has never used opioid receptor agonist drugs. never opioid user A person who participates in opioid use. opioid user An alcohol user who is currently seeking treatment for their alcohol use. treatment-seeking alcohol user A substance user who is in contact with a service to receive treatment for a substance use disorder. treatment-seeking substance user A woman who self identifies as using psychoactive substances. woman who uses psychoactive drugs A woman who has convictions for driving under the influence. woman with MDUI convictions A person who is in their late teenage years, or early twenties. young person Age range should be specified. young adult A young adult who uses alcohol. Age should be specified young adult alcohol user A young adult who self-reports as a binge drinker. 'young adult' and 'binge drinker' young adult binge drinker A vaping device that heats dry herbs in order to create a vapour for ingestion by the user into the lungs. dry herb vaporiser https://katukina.com/products/rape/matses-nunu A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which dark coloured Mapacho tobacco, inner bark of Mocambo tree and cacahuilo tree are mixed to form an extremely fine dust. It is prepared in cottage industries and is blown or snorted high into the nostrils. NuNu https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-Zqo67BjH7UCandpg=PA38andlpg=PA38anddq=how is gundi or kadapan usedandsource=blandots=xLk4geh0hRandsig=ACfU3U1IVfUPFwmdKtSqeE1JNE6Gcc3KYgandhl=enandsa=Xandved=2ahUKEwjB2bep1OnvAhVAgP0HHfw8BDsQ6AEwAnoECAMQAw#v=onepageandq=how is gundi or kadapan usedandf=false https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, , in which cured tobacco, coriander seeds, and other spices are fried separately and ground, then mixed with aromatic resinous oils to form a coarse powder. Kadapan Gundi is premade in cottage industry, and it may be chewed as it is or added as ingredient in betel quid. gundi A disposition of a psychoactive substance. psychoactive substance disposition A combustible tobacco-containing product part that is a component of a cigarette. cigarette part https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#ghutka https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried, roasted, and finely chopped tobacco is mixed with areca nut, slaked lime , catechu, and other condiments, sweeteners, and flavourings to create dry granular product. pan/paan masala with tobacco Gutkha Gutka is premade commercially or in cottage industry, and it may be held in the mouth and chewed or sucked. gutka A material entity that is a product. physical product https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco, with or without other ingredients , are wrapped in a betel leaf. khilli pan/paan kun Yar oan/paan with tobacco The product is custom-made by vendor/individual, and placed in the mouth by users for chewing or holding. betel quid with tobacco A product part that is component of a combustible tobacco-containing product. combustible tobacco-containing product part https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996481/ https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which unprocessed and crushed tobacco leaves are bundled in strands. Hogesoppu is premade in cottage industry, and it may be chewed as it is or added as an ingredient in betel quid. hogesoppu A product that is used for burning organic matter and ingesting the smoke that is generated. This is a class that covers products that are defined by the fact that their use involves ingesting smoke rather than what is ingested or smoked. smoking product https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco leaves are crushed and boiled into a sticky, heavy black liquid, which is allowed to mature and seasoned with different ingredients to create a tobacco-based paste. Chim is produced by small family-operated factories or industrially manufactured, and used by placing a small amount between the lip or cheek and the gum and left there for some time , after which it is spit out. chim https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#iqmik https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product. dediguss blackbull it is chewed and users may pre-chew the iqmik and place it in a small box for later use. Iqmik is prepared by the individual user or a family or community member to share iq'mik https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dohra https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco are combined with a mix of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime and flavorings such as peppermint, cardamom to form a wet mixture. Dhora Dohra is custom-made by the vendor/individual, and a small amount of it is placed in the mouth and chewed or sucked on. dohra A product part that is part of e-liquid. e-liquid part https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996481/ https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles form loose dry sticks. kaddipudi is premade in cottage industry, and it is either chewed or added as ingredient in betel quid. kaddipudi https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco is mixed with aromatic substances, salts, water, and other hydrating agents to form a tobacco-based paste that is sold in toothpaste-like tubes. tobacco toothpaste Creamy snuff is commercially manufactured, and it is applied to teeth and used to clean teeth like regular toothpaste. creamy snuff https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#khaini https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried or fermented coarsely cut tobacco leaves are mixed with slaked lime and sometimes areca nut to create a flaky form. surti khoinee Khaini is usually custom-made by individual, but also commercially/cottage industry manufactured, and it is placed in the mouth between the gums and cheeks and sucked slowly for 10 15 minutes, or sometimes left overnight in the mouth. khaini A quality of a substance having no fixed shape but a fixed volume. liquid https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which tobacco is fire-cured, fermented and processed into dry fine powder. snuff Scotch snuff Dry snuff may also be sweetened. Dry snuff is commertially manufactured, and it is usually sucked by the user and held orally, but it may also be inhaled through the nostrils. dry snuff https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#kharra https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6077969/ A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco is mixed with areca nut, lime, catechu and additional ingredients to form a coarse powder. Kharra may be custom-made by vendor/individual or premade in cottage industry, and it is held in the mouth and sucked or chewed. kharra A tabletop vaporiser that is designed to vape oil based cannabis products. Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what % oil based tabletop vaporiser https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants , taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles or strips . Energy-enhanced snuff is premade manufactured, and it is placed between the lip or cheek and the gum for holding and sucking. energy-enhanced snuff https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#kiwam https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled tobacco leaves are soaked in water, then flavoured with powdered spices and additives such as musk and then prepared into a thick paste that may also be formed into granules or pellets. Qimam kimam qiwam khiwam Kiwam is commercially manufactured, and it may be chewed alone or inserted into a betel quid. kiwam The price a person pays or is charged by a company or person for one cigarette. price per cigarette https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#gudakhu https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fine leaf tobacco dust is mixed with molasses, red soil, lime, and water to form a tobacco-based paste. Gudahka Gudahku Gudhaku udakhu is premade manufactured, but can also be made by individuals for personal use, and it is used by rubbing on the teeth and gums with a fingertip for cleaning teeth or leaving in the mouth. gudakhu A tobacco use behaviour that involves using a heated tobacco containing product. heated tobacco containing product use https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which leaf tobacco is air-cured, stemmed, sweetened and flavoured with sugar and liquorice, and cut or granulated into small strips of shredded tobacco loose leaf chewing tobacco loose leaf chew Loose leaf is commercially manufactured and usually sold in pouches, and a piece of the product is either chewed or held in the mouth and sucked. loose leaf https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#gul https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which pyrolysed tobacco leaves are mixed with ash of tendu leaves to form a fine powder. it is applied to teeth and gums, usually for cleaning teeth. Gul is commercially manufactured and sold in small tin cans gul https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#mainpuri https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of small pieces of tobacco leaves treated in slaked lime, finely cut betel nut, flavouring agents and sandalwood powder to form a coarse granular mixture. kapoori The product is made in cottage industry and is chewed, held or sucked in the mouth. mainpuri https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried tobacco is mixed with ashes from oak, walnut and grapewine and then sprinkled with water to form a moist powder The product is custom-made by vendor/individual and is applied between the lower lip and gums for 4-5 minutes. maras https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of sun-cured tobacco flakes, thin shavings of areca nut and slaked lime. Mawa is custom made by vendor/individual and is consumed by placing in the mouth and chewing for 10 to 20 minutes. mawa https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of toasted tobacco in a powdered form. masheri misri The product is custom made and is applied to the teeth and gums, sucked or used as a dentifrice for cleaning. mishri https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of fermented, air- or fire-cured tobacco mixed with flavourings , sweeteners, inorganic salts, humectants and preservatives and processed into moist fine particles or strips . moist snuff spit tobacco dip The product is prepared commercially and is consumed by placing a pinch or dip between the lip or cheek and gum and holding in the mouth or sucking for 30 minutes. moist snuff https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of dried tobacco leaves, ash, cottonseed or sesame oil, water and sometimes gum which are rolled into balls. niswar naswar The product is custom made and is chewed, held in the mouth and sucked for 10-15 minutes. nass https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#naswar https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball. nisvai nasvay The product is custom made or prepared in cottage industry and is consumed by placing under the tongue or cheek and holding or sucking for 10 to 15 minutes. nasway A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, that is composed of dried tobacco and made into a fine powder. nufha tenfeha naffa The product can be premade in cottage industry or custom made and is used nasally to induce sneezing or lighten the head. neffa nytimes.com/2010/04/19/business/19smoke.html A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco, mint or cinnamon flavouring are mixed to form pellets. The product is commercially prepared and is used by placing in the mouth, holding, sucking or dissolving like breath mints. orbs anilbeediworks.com/tobacco/ A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of dried tobacco flakes. It is prepared commercially and at the time of use, is mixed with the required proportions of lime to form a moist product that is chewed. pandharpuri https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00507.x A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun-dried flaked tobacco mixed with or without lime. It is prepared commercially and is consumed by chewing pattiwala ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-4269-6-26 A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun/fire dried tobacco leaves are mixed with ash to form a quid. mingkupla The product is custom prepared and is consumed by chewing or holding in the lower lip or cheek for extended periods of time. pituri https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#plug A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product. chaw plug spit tobacco pressed leaf plug chewing tobacco It is commercially packaged and consumed by chewing, sucking or holding between the cheek and gum. plug https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/11/10/1175/1011617 A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of moist finely ground tobacco that is packaged into small teabag like sachets. It is commercially prepared and is consumed by holding in the mouth between the upperlip and gums. portion snus https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#rape A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which dried tobacco leaf, flavourings such as tonka bean, clove, cinnamon powder, camphor, and in some cases, ashes from select trees are mixed to form a fine powder. The product is manufactured in cottage industries and consumed by blowing or snorting high into each of the nostrils through a ceremonial pipe made of bone or bamboo. rap https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#lal https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, herbs and flavourings are mixed to form a fine red powder. The product is commercially prepared and applied on teeth and gums and used as a dentifrice to clean teeth. red toothpowder https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa are mixed to form a wet product. alqat al-shammah bajeli chemma (Algeria haradi shamma sharaci, black shammah yemeni snuff el-shamma It is custom made by vendor or individual and is consumed by sucking or holding between the gum and lower lip or cheek. In Algeria, users may wrap shammah in paper before putting it in the mouth. Orally chewed or held in the mouth black shammah https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#snuif A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which sun-dried tobacco leaf and ash from local plants are hand mixed to form a finely ground powder. traditional South African snuff It is custom made and is used by holding in the mouth or sniffing through the nose. snuif A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into soft pellets. pellet It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth. soft pellete https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dissovable A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form sticks. It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth. sticks https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dissovable A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into strips. It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth. strips https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#ghana A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally. Nigerian traditional snuff The product is custom made or packaged in cottage industries and is used by holding in the mouth or sniffing nasally. taaba ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746834/ A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of tobacco which is sometimes flavoured with menthol and sold as small teabag like pouches. The product is commercially prepared and consumed by placing the single-serve pouch between the cheek and gums, and disposing of when finished. taboka https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#ghana A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, which is composed of dried tobacco leaf with, saltpeter and ashes which are ground into a fine powder. Ghana traditional snuff It is premade in cottage industry or custom made by vendor/individuals and is consumed by holding in the mouth or sniffing nasally. tawa https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Smokeless-Tobacco-And-Some-Tobacco-specific-Em-N-Em--Nitrosamines-2007 A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol. It is commercially manufactured and used as a chewing gum. tobacco chewing gum A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick. I It is commercially prepared and is sucked or sometimes chewed to increase the speed of nicotine release. tobacco coated toothpick verywellmind.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-nicotine-lozenges-2825034 A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, that in which ground tobacco is mixed with various flavouring agents like cinnamon, fruit and mint to form a sugar-free tablet. It is commercially packaged and is consumed by placing in the mouth and allowing to dissolve over the course of 20 to 30 mins. tobacco lozenges https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dissovable A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form tablets. ariva cigalet It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth. tobacco tablets https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which sun-dried, fermented, then ground and aged tobacco leaves are mixed with a solution of baking soda and water to create a moist form that can be rolled into a ball . ammari saffa saood sute saut query over whether the same product is used nasally - nasal use is not described Toombak may be premade in cottage industry or custom-made by vendor/individual, and used by holding a small portion is the mouth and sucking slowly for 10 to 15 minutes. toombak https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco smoke is passed through water and the resulting tobacco water is sold in glass bottles. hidakphu tobacco water tuiber Tuibur is premade in cottage industry, and the product is either sipped from a bottle or through cotton soaked with tobacco water. It is retained in the mouth or gargled for 5 to 10 minutes before it is spit out. tuibur https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which air- or fire-cured burley tobacco leaf is treated with a tar-like tobacco leaf extract and sometimes sweeteners and other flavourings, then twisted into rope-like strands that are dried and braided. chaw chew roll twist chewing tobacco Twist is handmade by commercial manufacturers, and users typically cut off a piece, place it in the mouth, and chew. twist https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#zarda https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled and dried tobacco leaves are mixed with lime, spices and vegetable dyes to make a flaky product. vizapatta dokta An oral smokeless tobacco-containing poduct, in which boiled and dried tobacco leaves are mixed with lime, spices and vegetable dyes to make a flaky product. Zarda is commercially manufactured, and it may be chewed by itself, or with chopped areca nuts and spices, or added as an ingredient in betel quid. zarda https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117660/#:~:text=Afzal is used by applying,subsequently spit out the rest. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use in which dried tobacco is mixed with varied additives to create a moist, ground form. Sweekah In Afzal, some premade ingredients are mixed to create a custom-made product, which is used by placing a pinch of it between the lips and the gums. Users then suck the juice from Afzal for varying periods of time, often up to 30 min, and spit out the rest. afzal An object that is designed by humans to fulfil some function. DOI:10.3233/AO-190210 This entity is specified in the Product Life Cycle Ontologies reference in the source field. It is not directly imported yet because it is not yet in a form that permits this. artifact A material entity that bears a commodity role. DOI: 10.3233/AO-190210 This is taken from the Product Life Cycle Ontologies specified in the source field. It cannot yet be important because that ontology is not yet set up to allow this. commodity A chemical substance that has a disposition to alter the mental functioning of a person. psychoactive substance https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa are mixed to form a dry product. alqat bajeli chemma (Algeria haradi shamma sharaci, al-shammah yemeni snuff el-shamma It is custom made by vendor or individual and is consumed by sucking or holding between the gum and lower lip or cheek. In Algeria, users may wrap shammah in paper before putting it in the mouth. Orally chewed or held in the mouth white shammah https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#loose https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which raw tobacco leaf is powdered, flaked or sold in bundles of several long strands. Leaf tobacco is custom-made by vendor/individual, and it may be chewed alone or in a betel quid or other custom-made product. A regular user consumes one 15cm piece of the strand per day. oral smokeless tobacco leaf https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#tapkeer https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for both oral or nasal use, in which fermented, roasted tobacco is made into a dry, fine powder. tapkir tyapkeer bajar Bajjar is frequently prepared by individual users at home , and it is typically rubbed on the teeth and gums to clean teeth, but sometimes used nasally. bajjar A drug that has a marketing authorisation from a medicines regulatory agency. licensed drug A behaviour pattern involving ingestion of tobacco. tobacco use pattern A behaviour pattern involving a vaping product. vaping pattern E-liquid that includes cannabis or some cannabis extract. cannabis-containing e-liquid A data item that is a measure of lung function, and is about the maximal amount of air a person can forcefully exhale in one second. Forced Expiratory Volume FEV1 An adverse event that is a risk factors of psychopathology and psychological dysfunction in children and adolescents. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9808931/ adverse life event A fluid of a biological orgin. biological fluid A disposition of a person involving the probability that exposure to some agent or substance will adversely transform cells to replicate and form a malignant tumor over a defined time period. cancer risk Alcohol use disorder which is characterised by impairments and/or problems which are extreme in nature. Give indication of severity and how this is operationalised. severe alcohol use disorder A protein coding gene in humans. GABBR1 A disease involving the cardiovascular system. cardiovascular disease The essential features of this diagnosed disorder are prominent anxiety symptoms that are judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of a substance. MFOMD:0000197 substance-induced anxiety disorder An adverse effect which is an unintended response to a a specific treatment intervention. A causal relationship with the treatment is a likely possibility. Adverse reaction NCIT:C41332 adverse reaction to a treatment A bodily disposition that is the pressure of circulating blood. BP blood pressure A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing cardiovascular disease over a defined time period. cardiovascular disease risk the last trimester of gestation. The trimester that ranges from the 28th week of pregnancy until delivery third trimester An adult who is currently not receiving any form of intervention for psychoactive substance use disorder. adult not in treatment for substance use disorders An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of alcohol. alcohol use disorder A cardiovascular disease in which plaque, a waxy substance, builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Coronary artery disease Adapted from OAE:0002134 coronary heart disease A person who is between the ages of 13 and 19. teenager especially one of the three months of gestation into which a human pregnancy is divided. A period of three months trimester An adult with a diagnosis of an opioid use disorder that is currently a patient. adult patient aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of amphetamine. amphetamine use disorder A tobacco user who has either only ever smoked cigarettes or who smoked a cigarette as his or her earliest form of tobacco user. cigarette first user A disease which affects any, or all parts of the digestive system. disease of the digestive system An adult who has received and diagnosis of opioid use disorder adult with opioid use disorder An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of cannabis. CUD cannabis use disorder An addiction that is to a substance containing cocaine. Cocaine dependence cocaine addiction A disease which affects any, or all parts of the respiratory system. disease of the respiratory system An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of cocaine. cocaine use disorder A former tobacco smoker who has been diagnosed as suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. former tobacco smoker with COPD A disorder which affects the musculoskeletal system, which provides form, support, stability and movement to the body. musculoskeletal disorder A coronary artery disease characterised by myocardial cell death , caused by interruption of the blood supply to the heart. myocardial infarction A person who has an opioid use disorder who is in prison. incarcerated persons with opioid use disorder A person who has never used a psychoactive drug. never substance user An older person who has a diagnosis of an opioid use disorder. 'older person' and 'opioid use disorder' older adult with opioid use disorder An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of a opioids opioid use disorder Addiction to use of a nicotine-containing product. nicotine addiction A woman who is currently pregnant and also has a diagnosis of opioid use disorder. 'pregnant woman' and 'bearer of' some 'opioid use disorder' pregnant woman with opioid use disorder An addictive disorder that involves addiction to tobacco use. tobacco use disorder The process of passing on the human immunodeficiency virus infections disease from one carrier to another. HIV transmission A tobacco smoker that also has a diagnosis of affective disorder. 'tobacco smoker' and 'bearer of' some 'affective disorder' smoker with affective disorder An abstainer from the engagement in the use of cannabis. cannabis abstainer A person living with HIV. person with HIV HIV positive person living with HIV A tobacco smoker that also has a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. smoker with bipolar disorder A psychoactive substance user who presents with a clinical diagnosis of substance use disorder. person with substance use disorder An abstainer from the engagement in the use of psychoactive substances. psychoactive substance abstainer An opioid user who is currently seeking treatment for opioid use disorder treatment-seeking opioid user A person who is incarcerated in a prison. prisoner A person who receives money or goods in exchange for sexual services. sex industry worker prostitute A sex worker may directly or indirectly receive income or goods for their services, this may not be their main occupation, the role may or may not be consensual. sex worker A self-identity that represents a relation between oneself and another person or group. This can be either a self-identity or a group identity. Possible relations may include membership , affiliation or antagonism. The group may be a formal group, informal group or collection of people. social identity An urge in which the behaviour that is the target of the feeling is vaping. urge to vape An adult who is unable to look after themselves and or who is unable to protect themselves against significant harm or exploitation. At risk adult vulnerable adult A young adult who uses opioids. Age should be specified young adult opioid user A psychoactive substance user who reports use of stimulant drugs. stimulant drug user A data item that indicates the number of years an individual was or has been in education. years of education An almond-shaped cluster of nuclei located within the medial temporal lobe of the brain, which makes up part of the limbic system, that serves a role in memory, emotional reactions and decision-making. amygdala An organisation which specifically raises income for the purpose of the prevention and treatment of alcohol related problems. alcohol harm prevention organisation alcohol organistion An organisation that undertakes assays of presence or amounts of defined chemicals in specifmens analytical laboratory An organisation which specifically raises income for the purpose of the prevention and treatment of cancer. cancer prevention organisation cancer charity A role played by an organisation that raises and distributes income for charitable purposes. charity A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation for a given sector of the government. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000450 regulatory agency An organisation formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000828 research organisation A quality whose bearer is a drug. drug quality An extract from a plant. plant extract A social policy whose aim is to reduce the harm to a population from continued use of a psychoactive substance by members of that population. harm minimisation policy it can include whole commodities such as tobacco. This entity is defined in terms of the aims of a policy rather than its effect. It is distinguished from harm reduction behaviour. It includes attempting to get people to reduce their use of the substance, change their pattern of use, change the type or formulation of the substance they consume. Note that the substance does not just include the psychoactive drug harm reduction policy Substance use that involves continuing to use a substance while changing the type of substance, formulation of the substance or the amount or manner of use of the substance with the aim of reducing the harm caused. harm minimisation behaviour harm reduction behaviour A policy that is applied by a public body. public policy A cocaine use behaviour that involves the use of cocaine. cocaine use An economic good role that inheres in some artifact and is realized in some act of appraisal. Product Life Cycle Ontology https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332535504_An_ontological_approach_to_representing_the_product_life_cycle product role A role that inheres in some material entity and is realized in some act of appraisal. economic good role An economic good role that inheres in some material entity that is not an object and is realized in some act of appraisal. commodity role A material entity that is not an object. substance A chemical substance that has a drug role. drug A product that is manufactured to be part of a cigarette, located at the end that the user puts to the lips, which blocks some smoke particles from entering the mouth during use. cigarette filter A material entity that has an economic good role. This includes commodities and products. economic good Product harmfulness to an individual. This entity relates to the harmfulness for a given individual. It is distinct from population-level harmfulness which refers to harmfulness to a population. Thus a product may have high individual-level harmfulness but low population-level harmfulness if there are very few users in the population. The individual may be a user of the product or another person . product individual-level harmfulness A product that is designed to be a proper part of another product. product component Product harmfulness to a population. This entity refers to the harmfulness for a specified population. It is distinct from individual-level harmfulness which refers to harmfulness for an individual. The harm may be to users or non-users. product population-level harmfulness A disposition of a product. product disposition A data item which indicates the average time to relapse. time to relapse average time to relapse https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/smoking-the-financial-cost A data item which indicates changes in expenditure on cigarettes between defined time points. changes in money spent on cigarettes. changes in money spent on tobacco reduction in cigarette expenditure change in expenditure on cigarettes A behaviour pattern involving an e-cigarette. e-cigarette use pattern A subjective emotional feeling which consists of a strong wanting or wishing to have something or for something to happen. desire A mental disposition that consists of a strong dislike or disinclination towards an object, situation or behaviour aversion An aversion towards cigarette smoking aversion to smoking A substance use pattern in which the substance used is alcohol. alcohol use pattern A substance use pattern that involves use of cannabis. cannabis use pattern A substance use pattern that involves use of heroin. heroin use pattern A substance use pattern in which the substance used is an opioid. opioid use pattern A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking. NRT This class is problematic because as products have evolved distinctions between those receiving a license to be marketed as medicines and those that have not have become blurred. It is better to use the parent class 'nicotine-containing product' or the more accurate 'licensed nicotine-containing product'. nicotine replacement therapy product An information content entity that describes the level of motivation involved in an addiction. addiction strength A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as an e-cigarette user. vaper identity e-cigarette user identity A plan detailing guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare, such as a person's quality of life. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/gsso/terms?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008961andviewMode=Allandsiblings=false This is drawn from the GSSO but with wording and parentage corrected. social policy A mental disposition to experience motives in the performance of a professional role that are not aligned with the responsibilities of that role. Curator note: The definition was adapted from the PLOS definition. https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/s/competing-interests competing interest A personal attribute that could lead to a competing interest. Potential competing interests must be distinguished from competing interests. They should always be declared so that stakeholders can form a judgement about whether bias is likely to be present. However, it would be wrong to assume that they necessarily lead to bias. potential competing interest A healthcare facility that provides harm reduction services to substance users. harm reduction facility A healthcare facility that treats and manages addictive disorders. addiction clinic A facility where some alcoholic beverage can be purchased. alcohol outlet An information content entity that is about the number of alcohol outlets per unit area within a geographical location. alcohol outlet density A healthcare facility that provides services to people who are pregnant and their partners. antenatal clinic A facility that provides housing, health care and social care. health and social care facility Accessibility of a service in which the service is addiction treatment. accessibility of addiction treatment A country in which English is an official language. English-speaking country A healthcare facility that bears a function to provide low intensity healthcare services to patients on a short-term basis, with patients leaving on the same date as arriving outpatient clinic outpatient facility A facility whose purpose is undertaking experiments or taking measurements under controlled conditions. laboratory facility A facility that provides accommodation for people. housing Housing that is provided for people on low incomes or with particular needs by government agencies or non-profit organizations. https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/ social housing A geopolitical region that delimits a government with effective internal and external sovereignty over the region and its population, and which is not dependent on or subject to any other power or Geopolitical Entity. http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Country Definition taken from the VIDO ontology but this does not have appropriate codes so we have created a separate entity. country A geospatial region that delimits the authority of a formally constituted government to exercise its control within the bounded area. geopolitical region A site at or near the surface of the Earth. geospatial region A disorder that involves mental processes. MF defines mental disease as a disposition to pathological *mental* processes which is not quite right. Needs work Should be primarily defined in MF mental health disorder A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as good or desirable. positive self-appraisal A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as bad or undesirable. negative self-appraisal A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as being addicted to something. addict identity A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as having been addicted to something but no longer addicted to that thing. ex-addict identity A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as being in recovery from addiction and vulnerable to relapse to that addiction. recovering addict identity A self-identity in which the person considers themselves to smoke predominantly or exclusively in social situations. This is not a subclass of tobacco smoker identity because not all social smokers may consider themselves to be smokers as they do not smoke sufficiently often. This class is intended for tobacco smokers. social smoker identity A lost self-identity in which the positively appraised past characteristic is that of being a tobacco smoker lost tobacco smoker identity A non tobacco smoker identity that is a core identity and a positive identity. positive core non tobacco smoker identity A tobacco smoker that is also a spoiled identity. spoiled tobacco smoker identity Inequality between different gender groups. gender inequality Inequality in health and access to healthcare. Health inequality can be operationalised in many ways and these need to be specified when the class is used. health inequality A quality of a population that is the degree of variation among members of the population on some valued attribute. The GSSO definition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002956 is not well-formed and so one had to be constructed. inequality A person whose identity is male, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being male, usually reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones. boy men male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000370 man Male persons who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they identify themselves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000376 man who has sex with men Male persons who engage in sexual activity with women, regardless of how they identify themselves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001596 man who has sex with women Male persons who engage in sexual activity with men and women, regardless of how they identify themselves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001802 man who has sex with women and men. a person having a gender identity which is outside of the gender binary . A person whose gender identity is not exclusively male or female http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000395 non binary person Inequality between different racial or ethnic groups. racial inequality Inequality in access to social or material resources. social inequality A person whose gender identity does not match their gender assigned at birth or a person who otherwise identifies as transgender trans http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000130 transgender person A person whose identity is female, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being female, usually reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones. girl women female http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000369 woman Women who engage in sexual activity with men, regardless of how they identify themselves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001595 woman who has sex with men Female persons who engage in sexual activity with men and women, regardless of how they identify themselves. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004516 woman who has sex with men and women Women who engage in sexual activities with other women, whether or not they identify themselves as lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual, or dispense with sexual identification altogether. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000379 woman who has sex with women A nicotine replacement therapy user who engages in nicotine replacement therapy use every day. NRT user daily NRT user The type of nicotine replacement therapy used should be specified. It may also be useful in the reporting of studies to quantify the amount of NRT used and the strength. daily nicotine replacement therapy user This is definition used across studies and also within the reporting of NRT use in the Smoking Toolkit Study: www.smokinginengland.info A person who participates in nicotine replacement therapy use. NRT user The type of nicotine replacement therapy used should be specified. It may also be useful in the reporting of studies to quantify the amount of NRT used and the strength. nicotine replacement therapy user An NRT user who does not use their product on a daily basis. NRT user Non-daily NRT user The product or products used should be specified. non-daily nicotine replacement therapy user A nicotine replacement therapy user who is not a tobacco user or an e-cigarette user. exclusive NRT user Exclusive user referes to the complete absense of tobacco containing products. exclusive nicotine replacement therapy user A nicotine replacement therapy user who has been using NRT products for one year or more. long term NRT use Long-term NRT user The NRT product or products used should be specified. long-term nicotine replacement therapy user A substance user who engages in tobacco use. tobacco user An e-cigarette atomiser quality that is the opposition of its circuit to the flow of current in that circuit. e-cigarette atomiser resistance A quality inhering in an e-cigarette atomiser. e-cigarette atomiser quality An e-cigarette battery disposition to transfer electrical energy in a circuit containing an atomiser. e-cigarette battery power An e-cigarette whose e-liquid contains nicotine. nicotine-containing e-cigarette A disposition inhering in a manufactured cigarette manufactured cigarette disposition A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of carbon monoxide in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way. manufactured cigarette machine-smoked carbon monoxide yield A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of nicotine in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way. manufactured cigarette machine-smoked nicotine yield A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be held in the mouth. This includes chewing tobacco products. oral tobacco-containing product A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to draw a nicotine-containing vapour into the respiratory tract so that nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of this tract. inhaled nicotine-containing product A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to ingest nicotine through the nasal mucosa. nasal nicotine-containing product A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to be attached to the skin so that nicotine can be absorbed through the skin. transdermal nicotine-containing product A product that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. electrical battery A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of tobacco particles in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way. manufactured cigarette machine-smoked tar yield A disposition inhering in an e-cigarette battery. e-cigarette battery disposition A cigarette that has a cigarette filter as a part. filter cigarette A nicotine-containing product that is designed to be held in the mouth or chewed so that nicotine is absorbed through the buccal mucosa. oral nicotine-containing product A bodily disposition which is realised as impaired functioning following reduction or termination of use of a psychoactive substance. This is distinguished from addiction. The two are often correlated but distinct. Dependence is a disposition to experience impaired functioning, which includes withdrawal symptoms, while addiction is a distinction to experience powerful motivation. The motivation can, but need not be caused by impaired functioning. substance dependence Substance dependence in which the dependence is on nicotine. nicotine dependence Tobacco addiction where there tobacco-containing product is cigarettes. cigarette addiction Addiction to a tobacco-containing product. tobacco addiction Craving in which the target of the craving is use of an opioid drug. opioid craving Craving that is wholly or mostly triggered by the immediate environment or part of it. situational craving Craving in which the target of the craving is use of a tobacco-containing product. tobacco craving Craving that is mostly or completely independent of the immediate environment. This aims to capture craving that is caused by endogenous drive processes or withdrawal symptoms. background craving Craving whose target is consumption of an alcoholic beverage. alcohol craving An age of substance use initiation in which the substance is tobacco. age of tobacco use initiation A substance dependence in which the dependence is on use of cigarettes. cigarette dependence A data item that is about how many times tobacco was formerly used. number of times formerly tobacco used An identity that includes all of a persons self-identities composite self-identity A tobacco smoker identity that is a core identity and a positive identity. positive core tobacco smoker identity A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how much time elapsed between birth and a certain point. PATO:0000011 A slight wording change from 'A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.' This captures more precisely that the amount is 'time' rather than using the word 'long' and that it relates to give time point and that existence is defined as time of birth. human age A self-identity in which what is represented is appraised as important. If the characteristic represented is appraised as both important and enduring the appropriate class is 'core identity'. strong identity A role can be assigned without being realised. A person realises a role by doing something. A role that inheres in a human being by virtue of their social and institutional circumstances. personal role An aggregate of individual human behaviours of members of a population. human behaviour population behaviour Also referred to in definitions as human behaviour or just behaviour. A bodily process of a human that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain. Individual human activity that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain. human behaviour individual human behaviour Examples of interventions are putting health warnings on cigarette packets, providing free stop smoking services and banning smoking in public places. A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome. intervention A process that is produced by a person. individual human activity An aggregate of people human population Individual human behaviour or population behaviour human behaviour An attribute of a process process attribute Includes everything that can be said about a person: the most general class under which all other qualities, dispositions, roles etc belong. A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in a person. The population ontology individuals branch defines many personal attributes personal attribute A disposition that inheres in a person. personal disposition A process attribute that is an attribute of a life process. personal life attribute A quality that inheres in a person. personal quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities. quality A process whose beginning is demarcated by accelerating infection acquisition by one or more host species of a particular pathogen in a particular location and whose end is demarcated by the time when the rate of infection acquisition becomes constant. William R. Hogan epidemic of infection A process whose beginning is demarcated by accelerating infection acquisition by one or more host species of a particular pathogen in a particular location and whose end is demarcated by the time when the rate of of infection acquisition becomes constant. The constant rate may be zero. The period of an epidemic may be defined using statistical criteria based on incidence rates or causal models based on their fit to incidence data. Epidemic An example of multiple host species is foot and mouth disease (such as the 2001 epidemic in the UK, see: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/292/5519/1155.long) and swine flu. The foot and mouth disease epidemic affected sheep, pigs, and cattle. epidemic infection in an ecosystem A process comprised of numerous infections and infection acquisitions with a particular pathogen in one or more populations of hosts. William R. Hogan A process of ongoing infection and infection acquisition in individuals in one or more populations in an ecosystem. infection in ecosystem entity Entity entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35120 entity entities entitātem Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] BFO:0000015 process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant specifically dependent continuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant generically dependent continuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] bfo BFO:0000040 material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. 0 C22H28N2O InChI=1S/C22H28N2O/c1-2-22(25)24(20-11-7-4-8-12-20)21-14-17-23(18-15-21)16-13-19-9-5-3-6-10-19/h3-12,21H,2,13-18H2,1H3 PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 336.47050 336.22016 CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCc1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 CHEBI:310077 CHEBI:5012 CAS:437-38-7 DrugBank:DB00813 Drug_Central:1164 KEGG:D00320 PMID:10669565 PMID:10987438 PMID:11585443 PMID:14698188 PMID:16621415 PMID:18462178 PMID:18728103 PMID:30176422 PMID:30305277 Patent:FR1344366 Patent:US3164600 Reaxys:494484 VSDB:1864 Wikipedia:Fentanyl N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide chebi_ontology 1-phenethyl-4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidine 1-phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilinopiperidine Duragesic N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropionamide N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide N-(1-phenethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyl-propionamide N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide N-phenethyl-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propanamide fentanilo fentanyl fentanylum phentanyl CHEBI:119915 fentanyl CAS:437-38-7 ChemIDplus CAS:437-38-7 KEGG DRUG Drug_Central:1164 DrugCentral PMID:10669565 ChEMBL PMID:10987438 ChEMBL PMID:11585443 ChEMBL PMID:14698188 ChEMBL PMID:16621415 Europe PMC PMID:18462178 Europe PMC PMID:18728103 Europe PMC PMID:30176422 Europe PMC PMID:30305277 Europe PMC Reaxys:494484 Reaxys N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide IUPAC 1-phenethyl-4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidine ChemIDplus 1-phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilinopiperidine ChemIDplus Duragesic ChemIDplus N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropionamide ChemIDplus N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide ChemIDplus N-(1-phenethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyl-propionamide ChEMBL N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide ChEMBL N-phenethyl-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine ChemIDplus N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propanamide ChemIDplus fentanilo WHO_MedNet fentanyl WHO_MedNet fentanylum WHO_MedNet phentanyl DrugBank A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. 0 C17H21NO InChI=1S/C17H21NO/c1-14-8-6-7-11-16(14)19-17(12-13-18-2)15-9-4-3-5-10-15/h3-11,17-18H,12-13H2,1-2H3/t17-/m1/s1 VHGCDTVCOLNTBX-QGZVFWFLSA-N 255.35470 255.16231 CNCC[C@@H](Oc1ccccc1C)c1ccccc1 Beilstein:4318684 CAS:83015-26-3 DrugBank:DB00289 Drug_Central:256 HMDB:HMDB0014434 KEGG:D07473 LINCS:LSM-2452 PMID:15338851 PMID:23048018 Reaxys:4318684 Wikipedia:Atomoxetine (3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine chebi_ontology (-)-Tomoxetine Tomoxetina Tomoxetinum atomoxetine tomoxetine CHEBI:127342 atomoxetine Beilstein:4318684 Beilstein CAS:83015-26-3 ChemIDplus CAS:83015-26-3 KEGG DRUG Drug_Central:256 DrugCentral PMID:15338851 Europe PMC PMID:23048018 Europe PMC Reaxys:4318684 Reaxys (3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine IUPAC (-)-Tomoxetine ChEBI Tomoxetina DrugBank Tomoxetinum DrugBank atomoxetine KEGG_DRUG tomoxetine DrugBank A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5. 0 C11H15NO2 InChI=1S/C11H15NO2/c1-8(12-2)5-9-3-4-10-11(6-9)14-7-13-10/h3-4,6,8,12H,5,7H2,1-2H3 SHXWCVYOXRDMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 193.24234 193.11028 CNC(C)Cc1ccc2OCOc2c1 CAS:42542-10-9 DrugBank:DB01454 HMDB:HMDB0041931 KEGG:C07577 PMID:15062945 PMID:18570171 Reaxys:158675 Wikipedia:MDMA 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine chebi_ontology (RS)-3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine 1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methyl-2-propanamine DL-(3,4-Methylenedioxy)methamphetamine MDMA N,alpha-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine ecstasy CHEBI:1391 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine CAS:42542-10-9 ChemIDplus CAS:42542-10-9 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:15062945 Europe PMC PMID:18570171 Europe PMC Reaxys:158675 Reaxys 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine IUPAC 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine KEGG_COMPOUND (RS)-3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine ChemIDplus 1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methyl-2-propanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook DL-(3,4-Methylenedioxy)methamphetamine ChemIDplus MDMA ChemIDplus MDMA KEGG_COMPOUND N,alpha-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KEGG_COMPOUND ecstasy ChEBI A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. 0 CH3OR 31.034 31.01839 *C(O)([H])[H] CHEBI:13676 CHEBI:14887 CHEBI:26262 CHEBI:57489 CHEBI:8406 KEGG:C00226 Primary alcohol chebi_ontology 1-Alcohol a primary alcohol primary alcohols CHEBI:15734 primary alcohol Primary alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND 1-Alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a primary alcohol UniProt primary alcohols ChEBI A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. 0 C2H6O InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 46.06844 46.04186 CCO CHEBI:14222 CHEBI:23978 CHEBI:30878 CHEBI:30880 CHEBI:42377 CHEBI:44594 CHEBI:4879 Beilstein:1718733 CAS:64-17-5 DrugBank:DB00898 Drug_Central:1076 Gmelin:787 HMDB:HMDB0000108 KEGG:C00469 KEGG:D00068 KEGG:D06542 KNApSAcK:C00019560 MetaCyc:ETOH MolBase:858 MolBase:859 PDBeChem:EOH PMID:11046114 PMID:11090978 PMID:11198720 PMID:11200745 PMID:11262320 PMID:11303910 PMID:11333032 PMID:11505026 PMID:11590970 PMID:11728426 PMID:11750186 PMID:11754521 PMID:11810019 PMID:11826039 PMID:11981228 PMID:12824058 PMID:12829422 PMID:12888778 PMID:12946583 PMID:14674846 PMID:15019421 PMID:15239123 PMID:15285839 PMID:15464411 PMID:15465973 PMID:15749123 PMID:15900217 PMID:15902919 PMID:16084479 PMID:16133132 PMID:16352430 PMID:16390872 PMID:16737463 PMID:16891664 PMID:16934862 PMID:17043811 PMID:17190852 PMID:17663926 PMID:17687877 PMID:18095657 PMID:18249266 PMID:18320157 PMID:18347649 PMID:18408978 PMID:18411066 PMID:18456322 PMID:18513832 PMID:18922656 PMID:18925476 PMID:19280886 PMID:19359288 PMID:19384566 PMID:19458312 PMID:19851413 PMID:19901811 PMID:21600756 PMID:21762181 PMID:21881875 PMID:21967628 PMID:22019193 PMID:22222864 PMID:22261437 PMID:22286266 PMID:22306018 PMID:22331491 PMID:22336593 PPDB:1373 Reaxys:1718733 UM-BBD_compID:c0038 Wikipedia:Ethanol ETHANOL Ethanol ethanol chebi_ontology 1-hydroxyethane Aethanol Aethylalkohol Alkohol C2H5OH Dehydrated ethanol EtOH Ethyl alcohol Methylcarbinol [CH2Me(OH)] [OEtH] alcohol alcohol etilico alcool ethylique etanol hydroxyethane spiritus vini CHEBI:16236 ethanol Beilstein:1718733 Beilstein CAS:64-17-5 ChemIDplus CAS:64-17-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-17-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1076 DrugCentral Gmelin:787 Gmelin PMID:11046114 Europe PMC PMID:11090978 Europe PMC PMID:11198720 Europe PMC PMID:11200745 Europe PMC PMID:11262320 Europe PMC PMID:11303910 Europe PMC PMID:11333032 Europe PMC PMID:11505026 Europe PMC PMID:11590970 Europe PMC PMID:11728426 Europe PMC PMID:11750186 Europe PMC PMID:11754521 Europe PMC PMID:11810019 Europe PMC PMID:11826039 Europe PMC PMID:11981228 Europe PMC PMID:12824058 Europe PMC PMID:12829422 Europe PMC PMID:12888778 Europe PMC PMID:12946583 Europe PMC PMID:14674846 Europe PMC PMID:15019421 Europe PMC PMID:15239123 Europe PMC PMID:15285839 Europe PMC PMID:15464411 Europe PMC PMID:15465973 Europe PMC PMID:15749123 Europe PMC PMID:15900217 Europe PMC PMID:15902919 Europe PMC PMID:16084479 Europe PMC PMID:16133132 Europe PMC PMID:16352430 Europe PMC PMID:16390872 Europe PMC PMID:16737463 Europe PMC PMID:16891664 Europe PMC PMID:16934862 Europe PMC PMID:17043811 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:17663926 Europe PMC PMID:17687877 Europe PMC PMID:18095657 Europe PMC PMID:18249266 Europe PMC PMID:18320157 Europe PMC PMID:18347649 Europe PMC PMID:18408978 Europe PMC PMID:18411066 Europe PMC PMID:18456322 Europe PMC PMID:18513832 Europe PMC PMID:18922656 Europe PMC PMID:18925476 Europe PMC PMID:19280886 Europe PMC PMID:19359288 Europe PMC PMID:19384566 Europe PMC PMID:19458312 Europe PMC PMID:19851413 Europe PMC PMID:19901811 Europe PMC PMID:21600756 Europe PMC PMID:21762181 Europe PMC PMID:21881875 Europe PMC PMID:21967628 Europe PMC PMID:22019193 Europe PMC PMID:22222864 Europe PMC PMID:22261437 Europe PMC PMID:22286266 Europe PMC PMID:22306018 Europe PMC PMID:22331491 Europe PMC PMID:22336593 Europe PMC Reaxys:1718733 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0038 UM-BBD ETHANOL PDBeChem Ethanol KEGG_COMPOUND ethanol ChEBI ethanol IUPAC ethanol UniProt 1-hydroxyethane ChemIDplus Aethanol ChemIDplus Aethylalkohol ChemIDplus Alkohol ChemIDplus C2H5OH ChEBI Dehydrated ethanol KEGG_DRUG EtOH ChemIDplus Ethyl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND Methylcarbinol KEGG_COMPOUND [CH2Me(OH)] MolBase [OEtH] MolBase alcohol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook alcohol etilico ChEBI alcool ethylique ChemIDplus etanol ChEBI hydroxyethane ChemIDplus spiritus vini ChEBI An aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. 0 C10H8 InChI=1S/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 128.17052 128.06260 c1ccc2ccccc2c1 CHEBI:14638 CHEBI:25469 CHEBI:44619 CHEBI:7472 Beilstein:1421310 CAS:91-20-3 Gmelin:3347 HMDB:HMDB0029751 KEGG:C00829 KNApSAcK:C00001259 MetaCyc:NAPHTHALENE PDBeChem:NPY PMID:10814889 PMID:11202734 PMID:16220979 PMID:16699520 PMID:17850896 PMID:26875834 PMID:26895256 PMID:27439360 PPDB:1312 Reaxys:1421310 UM-BBD_compID:c0333 Wikipedia:Naphthalene NAPHTHALENE Naphthalene naphthalene chebi_ontology Naphthalen Naphthalin naftaleno naftalina naphtalene naphtaline CHEBI:16482 naphthalene Beilstein:1421310 Beilstein CAS:91-20-3 ChemIDplus CAS:91-20-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:91-20-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:3347 Gmelin PMID:10814889 Europe PMC PMID:11202734 Europe PMC PMID:16220979 Europe PMC PMID:16699520 Europe PMC PMID:17850896 Europe PMC PMID:26875834 Europe PMC PMID:26895256 Europe PMC PMID:27439360 Europe PMC Reaxys:1421310 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0333 UM-BBD NAPHTHALENE PDBeChem Naphthalene KEGG_COMPOUND naphthalene IUPAC naphthalene UniProt Naphthalen ChEBI Naphthalin NIST_Chemistry_WebBook naftaleno ChEBI naftalina ChEBI naphtalene ChEBI naphtaline ChEBI An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. 0 CH2O InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2 WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 30.02598 30.01056 [H]C([H])=O CHEBI:14274 CHEBI:24077 CHEBI:337763 CHEBI:5142 Beilstein:1209228 CAS:50-00-0 DrugBank:DB03843 Drug_Central:3244 Gmelin:445 HMDB:HMDB0001426 KEGG:C00067 KEGG:D00017 MetaCyc:FORMALDEHYDE PDBeChem:FOR PMID:110589 PMID:12686735 PMID:15091529 PMID:16423181 PMID:17618393 PMID:18837732 PMID:25042713 PMID:7381846 PMID:7548723 PMID:7689168 PMID:7896413 PMID:9686972 PPDB:359 Reaxys:1209228 UM-BBD_compID:c0122 Wikipedia:Formaldehyde FORMALDEHYDE Formaldehyde formaldehyde chebi_ontology FORMALIN Formaldehyd Formalin Methanal Methylene oxide Oxomethane Oxomethylene CHEBI:16842 formaldehyde Beilstein:1209228 Beilstein CAS:50-00-0 ChemIDplus CAS:50-00-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:50-00-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:3244 DrugCentral Gmelin:445 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:12686735 Europe PMC PMID:15091529 Europe PMC PMID:16423181 Europe PMC PMID:17618393 Europe PMC PMID:18837732 Europe PMC PMID:25042713 Europe PMC PMID:7381846 ChEMBL PMID:7548723 Europe PMC PMID:7689168 Europe PMC PMID:7896413 Europe PMC PMID:9686972 Europe PMC Reaxys:1209228 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0122 UM-BBD FORMALDEHYDE PDBeChem Formaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND formaldehyde IUPAC formaldehyde UniProt FORMALIN ChEMBL Formaldehyd NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Formalin KEGG_COMPOUND Methanal KEGG_COMPOUND Methylene oxide KEGG_COMPOUND Oxomethane KEGG_COMPOUND Oxomethylene KEGG_COMPOUND A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). 0 COR2 28.010 27.99491 [*]C([*])=O CHEBI:13427 CHEBI:13646 CHEBI:24974 CHEBI:6127 CHEBI:8742 KEGG:C01450 Wikipedia:Ketone Ketone ketones chebi_ontology Keton R-CO-R' a ketone cetone ketones CHEBI:17087 ketone Ketone KEGG_COMPOUND ketones IUPAC Keton ChEBI R-CO-R' KEGG_COMPOUND a ketone UniProt cetone ChEBI ketones ChEBI An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals. 0 C3H6O InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.07910 58.04186 [H]C(=O)CC CHEBI:14898 CHEBI:26281 CHEBI:41359 CHEBI:45052 CHEBI:8468 CAS:123-38-6 HMDB:HMDB0003366 KEGG:C00479 MetaCyc:CPD-665 PDBeChem:CBG PMID:20097366 PMID:21568340 Reaxys:506010 UM-BBD_compID:c0207 Wikipedia:Propanal Propanal propanal propionaldehyde chebi_ontology 1-Propanal Aldehyde propionique C2H5CHO Methylacetaldehyde Propaldehyde Propanaldehyde Propional Propionaldehyde Propionic aldehyde Propyl aldehyde Propylaldehyde Propylic aldehyde n-Propanal n-Propionaldehyde CHEBI:17153 propanal CAS:123-38-6 ChemIDplus CAS:123-38-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:123-38-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:20097366 Europe PMC PMID:21568340 Europe PMC Reaxys:506010 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0207 UM-BBD Propanal KEGG_COMPOUND propanal UniProt propionaldehyde IUPAC 1-Propanal NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Aldehyde propionique ChemIDplus C2H5CHO NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Methylacetaldehyde ChemIDplus Propaldehyde ChemIDplus Propanaldehyde ChemIDplus Propional ChemIDplus Propionaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND Propionic aldehyde ChemIDplus Propyl aldehyde ChemIDplus Propylaldehyde ChemIDplus Propylic aldehyde ChemIDplus n-Propanal ChemIDplus n-Propionaldehyde NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. 0 CO InChI=1S/CO/c1-2 UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 28.01010 27.99491 [C-]#[O+] CHEBI:13281 CHEBI:23013 CHEBI:3282 CHEBI:41526 Beilstein:1900508 Beilstein:3535285 Beilstein:3587264 CAS:630-08-0 Gmelin:421 HMDB:HMDB0001361 KEGG:C00237 KEGG:D09706 MetaCyc:CARBON-MONOXIDE MolBase:753 PDBeChem:CMO PMID:10085152 PMID:10679539 PMID:11572959 PMID:14527438 PMID:14563665 PMID:15127883 PMID:15598489 PMID:16371440 PMID:16520836 PMID:17041734 PMID:18094356 PMID:19909254 PMID:23762709 PMID:7022476 PMID:8240252 PMID:8620577 UM-BBD_compID:c0369 Wikipedia:Carbon_monoxide CARBON MONOXIDE Carbon monoxide carbon monooxide carbon monoxide carbon(II) oxide chebi_ontology C#O CO [CO] CHEBI:17245 carbon monoxide Beilstein:1900508 Beilstein Beilstein:3535285 Beilstein Beilstein:3587264 Beilstein CAS:630-08-0 ChemIDplus CAS:630-08-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:630-08-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:421 Gmelin PMID:10085152 Europe PMC PMID:10679539 Europe PMC PMID:11572959 Europe PMC PMID:14527438 Europe PMC PMID:14563665 Europe PMC PMID:15127883 Europe PMC PMID:15598489 Europe PMC PMID:16371440 Europe PMC PMID:16520836 Europe PMC PMID:17041734 Europe PMC PMID:18094356 Europe PMC PMID:19909254 Europe PMC PMID:23762709 Europe PMC PMID:7022476 Europe PMC PMID:8240252 Europe PMC PMID:8620577 Europe PMC UM-BBD_compID:c0369 UM-BBD CARBON MONOXIDE PDBeChem Carbon monoxide KEGG_COMPOUND carbon monooxide IUPAC carbon monoxide IUPAC carbon(II) oxide IUPAC C#O ChEBI CO KEGG_COMPOUND CO UniProt [CO] MolBase A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. 0 CHOR 29.01800 29.00274 [H]C([*])=O CHEBI:13432 CHEBI:13753 CHEBI:13805 CHEBI:13806 CHEBI:22291 CHEBI:2554 CHEBI:8750 KEGG:C00071 Aldehyde aldehyde aldehydes chebi_ontology Aldehyd RC(=O)H RCHO aldehido aldehidos aldehydes aldehydum an aldehyde CHEBI:17478 aldehyde Aldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND aldehyde ChEBI aldehyde IUPAC aldehydes IUPAC Aldehyd ChEBI RC(=O)H IUPAC RCHO KEGG_COMPOUND aldehido ChEBI aldehidos ChEBI aldehydes ChEBI aldehydum ChEBI an aldehyde UniProt A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicotine. Beilstein:82108 Beilstein:82111 CAS:22083-74-5 DrugBank:DB00184 HMDB:HMDB0014330 KEGG:C16150 KNApSAcK:C00002057 PMID:10751565 PMID:11192937 PMID:11471991 PMID:11559179 PMID:11682702 PMID:11714820 PMID:11719700 PMID:11801622 PMID:11818389 PMID:11860617 PMID:12197757 PMID:12700710 PMID:12965231 PMID:14715938 PMID:15183514 PMID:15251917 PMID:15313135 PMID:15458549 PMID:15707677 PMID:15894687 PMID:15960296 PMID:15961264 PMID:16496293 PMID:16950410 PMID:17167832 PMID:17206646 PMID:17438652 PMID:17498149 PMID:17942810 PMID:18077004 PMID:18311975 PMID:18380035 PMID:18383130 PMID:18651995 PMID:18922921 PMID:19100331 PMID:19287496 PMID:19389046 PMID:19465085 PMID:20338106 PMID:20528766 PMID:21636612 PMID:21822688 PMID:21945235 PMID:22129149 PMID:22218403 PMID:22331007 PMID:22377934 PMID:22448647 PMID:22459798 PMID:22529223 PMID:22573728 PMID:22585541 PMID:22589423 PMID:22770225 PMID:22792725 PMID:22855884 PMID:22930863 PMID:22935730 PMID:23108361 PMID:23117126 PMID:7097594 PMID:7564279 PMID:7566693 PMID:7807214 PMID:7896575 PMID:8156919 PMID:8545712 PMID:8764340 PMID:9203638 PMID:9450943 PMID:9621392 Reaxys:82108 UM-BBD_compID:c0468 Wikipedia:Nicotine rac-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine chebi_ontology (+-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine (+-)-nicotine (R,S)-nicotine (RS)-nicotine nicotin nikotin CHEBI:18723 nicotine Beilstein:82108 Beilstein Beilstein:82111 Beilstein CAS:22083-74-5 ChemIDplus CAS:22083-74-5 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:10751565 Europe PMC PMID:11192937 Europe PMC PMID:11471991 Europe PMC PMID:11559179 Europe PMC PMID:11682702 Europe PMC PMID:11714820 Europe PMC PMID:11719700 Europe PMC PMID:11801622 Europe PMC PMID:11818389 Europe PMC PMID:11860617 Europe PMC PMID:12197757 Europe PMC PMID:12700710 Europe PMC PMID:12965231 Europe PMC PMID:14715938 Europe PMC PMID:15183514 Europe PMC PMID:15251917 Europe PMC PMID:15313135 Europe PMC PMID:15458549 Europe PMC PMID:15707677 Europe PMC PMID:15894687 Europe PMC PMID:15960296 Europe PMC PMID:15961264 Europe PMC PMID:16496293 Europe PMC PMID:16950410 Europe PMC PMID:17167832 Europe PMC PMID:17206646 Europe PMC PMID:17438652 Europe PMC PMID:17498149 Europe PMC PMID:17942810 Europe PMC PMID:18077004 Europe PMC PMID:18311975 Europe PMC PMID:18380035 Europe PMC PMID:18383130 Europe PMC PMID:18651995 Europe PMC PMID:18922921 Europe PMC PMID:19100331 Europe PMC PMID:19287496 Europe PMC PMID:19389046 Europe PMC PMID:19465085 Europe PMC PMID:20338106 Europe PMC PMID:20528766 Europe PMC PMID:21636612 Europe PMC PMID:21822688 Europe PMC PMID:21945235 Europe PMC PMID:22129149 Europe PMC PMID:22218403 Europe PMC PMID:22331007 Europe PMC PMID:22377934 Europe PMC PMID:22448647 Europe PMC PMID:22459798 Europe PMC PMID:22529223 Europe PMC PMID:22573728 Europe PMC PMID:22585541 Europe PMC PMID:22589423 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:22792725 Europe PMC PMID:22855884 Europe PMC PMID:22930863 Europe PMC PMID:22935730 Europe PMC PMID:23108361 Europe PMC PMID:23117126 Europe PMC PMID:7097594 Europe PMC PMID:7564279 Europe PMC PMID:7566693 Europe PMC PMID:7807214 Europe PMC PMID:7896575 Europe PMC PMID:8156919 Europe PMC PMID:8545712 Europe PMC PMID:8764340 Europe PMC PMID:9203638 Europe PMC PMID:9450943 Europe PMC PMID:9621392 Europe PMC Reaxys:82108 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0468 UM-BBD rac-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine IUPAC (+-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine KEGG_COMPOUND (+-)-nicotine ChemIDplus (R,S)-nicotine ChemIDplus (RS)-nicotine UM-BBD nicotin ChEBI nikotin ChEBI Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. Wikipedia:Alkaloid Alkaloid alkaloids chebi_ontology Alkaloide alcaloide alcaloides CHEBI:22315 alkaloid Alkaloid ChEBI alkaloids IUPAC Alkaloide ChEBI alcaloide ChEBI alcaloides ChEBI Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22712 benzenes A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. chebi_ontology benzodiazepines CHEBI:22720 benzodiazepine benzodiazepines ChEBI Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. chebi_ontology drugs medicine CHEBI:23888 drug drug role drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role biological function ChEBI halogen molecular entity chebi_ontology halogen compounds halogen molecular entities CHEBI:24471 halogen molecular entity halogen molecular entity ChEBI halogen compounds ChEBI halogen molecular entities ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. chebi_ontology organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound organic heterocycle ChEBI organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives. chebi_ontology morphinane alkaloids CHEBI:25418 morphinane alkaloid morphinane alkaloids ChEBI chebi_ontology organic heteromonocyclic compounds CHEBI:25693 organic heteromonocyclic compound organic heteromonocyclic compounds ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology purine alkaloids CHEBI:26385 purine alkaloid purine alkaloids ChEBI A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. 0 C9H13N 135.207 135.10480 CHEBI:51062 Beilstein:507867 CAS:300-62-9 DrugBank:DB00182 Gmelin:406210 HMDB:HMDB0014328 KEGG:C07514 KEGG:D07445 PMID:23889359 PMID:24408209 Reaxys:507867 Wikipedia:Amphetamine Amphetamine amphetamine rac-(2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine chebi_ontology 1-Phenylpropan-2-amin 1-phenyl-2-aminopropane Amfetamine Amphetamin Benzedrine alpha-methylbenzeneethaneamine alpha-methylphenylethylamine amfetamina amfetamine amfetaminum amphetaminium anfetamina beta-Phenylisopropylamin beta-aminopropylbenzene beta-phenylisopropylamine desoxynorephedrine rac-amphetamine CHEBI:2679 amphetamine Beilstein:507867 Beilstein CAS:300-62-9 ChemIDplus CAS:300-62-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:300-62-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:406210 Gmelin PMID:23889359 Europe PMC PMID:24408209 Europe PMC Reaxys:507867 Reaxys Amphetamine KEGG_COMPOUND amphetamine ChEBI amphetamine WHO_MedNet rac-(2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine IUPAC 1-Phenylpropan-2-amin ChEBI 1-phenyl-2-aminopropane NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Amfetamine ChemIDplus Amphetamin ChEBI Benzedrine ChEBI alpha-methylbenzeneethaneamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook alpha-methylphenylethylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook amfetamina WHO_MedNet amfetamine WHO_MedNet amfetaminum ChemIDplus amfetaminum WHO_MedNet amphetaminium WHO_MedNet anfetamina WHO_MedNet beta-Phenylisopropylamin ChemIDplus beta-aminopropylbenzene ChemIDplus beta-aminopropylbenzene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook beta-phenylisopropylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook desoxynorephedrine ChemIDplus rac-amphetamine ChEBI An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heterotricyclic compounds organic heterotricyclic compounds CHEBI:26979 organic heterotricyclic compound heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterotricyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compounds CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. 0 C8H10N4O2 InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3 RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 194.19076 194.08038 Cn1cnc2n(C)c(=O)n(C)c(=O)c12 CHEBI:22982 CHEBI:3295 CHEBI:41472 Beilstein:17705 CAS:58-08-2 DrugBank:DB00201 Drug_Central:463 Gmelin:103040 HMDB:HMDB0001847 KEGG:C07481 KEGG:D00528 KNApSAcK:C00001492 LINCS:LSM-2026 MetaCyc:1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE PDBeChem:CFF PMID:10510174 PMID:10796597 PMID:10803761 PMID:10822912 PMID:10884512 PMID:10924888 PMID:10983026 PMID:11014293 PMID:11022879 PMID:11209966 PMID:11312039 PMID:11410911 PMID:11431501 PMID:11815511 PMID:11949272 PMID:12397877 PMID:12457274 PMID:12574990 PMID:12915014 PMID:12943586 PMID:14521986 PMID:14607010 PMID:15257305 PMID:15280431 PMID:15681408 PMID:15718055 PMID:15840517 PMID:16143823 PMID:16391865 PMID:16528931 PMID:16644114 PMID:16709440 PMID:16805851 PMID:16856769 PMID:17132260 PMID:17387608 PMID:17508167 PMID:17724925 PMID:17932622 PMID:17957400 PMID:18068204 PMID:18258404 PMID:18421070 PMID:18625110 PMID:18647558 PMID:19007524 PMID:19047957 PMID:19084078 PMID:19088793 PMID:19418355 PMID:19879252 PMID:20164568 PMID:20470411 PMID:22770225 PMID:7441110 PMID:7689104 PMID:8332255 PMID:8347173 PMID:8679661 PMID:9063686 PMID:9067318 PMID:9132918 PMID:9218278 Reaxys:17705 Wikipedia:Caffeine 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione CAFFEINE Caffeine caffeine chebi_ontology 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine 1-methyltheobromine 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion 7-methyltheophylline Coffein Koffein Thein anhydrous caffeine cafeina cafeine guaranine mateina methyltheobromine teina theine CHEBI:27732 caffeine Beilstein:17705 Beilstein CAS:58-08-2 ChemIDplus CAS:58-08-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:58-08-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:463 DrugCentral Gmelin:103040 Gmelin PMID:10510174 Europe PMC PMID:10796597 Europe PMC PMID:10803761 Europe PMC PMID:10822912 Europe PMC PMID:10884512 Europe PMC PMID:10924888 Europe PMC PMID:10983026 Europe PMC PMID:11014293 Europe PMC PMID:11022879 Europe PMC PMID:11209966 Europe PMC PMID:11312039 Europe PMC PMID:11410911 Europe PMC PMID:11431501 Europe PMC PMID:11815511 Europe PMC PMID:11949272 Europe PMC PMID:12397877 Europe PMC PMID:12457274 Europe PMC PMID:12574990 Europe PMC PMID:12915014 Europe PMC PMID:12943586 Europe PMC PMID:14521986 Europe PMC PMID:14607010 Europe PMC PMID:15257305 Europe PMC PMID:15280431 Europe PMC PMID:15681408 Europe PMC PMID:15718055 Europe PMC PMID:15840517 Europe PMC PMID:16143823 Europe PMC PMID:16391865 Europe PMC PMID:16528931 Europe PMC PMID:16644114 Europe PMC PMID:16709440 Europe PMC PMID:16805851 Europe PMC PMID:16856769 Europe PMC PMID:17132260 Europe PMC PMID:17387608 Europe PMC PMID:17508167 Europe PMC PMID:17724925 Europe PMC PMID:17932622 Europe PMC PMID:17957400 Europe PMC PMID:18068204 Europe PMC PMID:18258404 Europe PMC PMID:18421070 Europe PMC PMID:18625110 Europe PMC PMID:18647558 Europe PMC PMID:19007524 Europe PMC PMID:19047957 Europe PMC PMID:19084078 Europe PMC PMID:19088793 Europe PMC PMID:19418355 Europe PMC PMID:19879252 Europe PMC PMID:20164568 Europe PMC PMID:20470411 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:7441110 Europe PMC PMID:7689104 Europe PMC PMID:8332255 Europe PMC PMID:8347173 Europe PMC PMID:8679661 Europe PMC PMID:9063686 Europe PMC PMID:9067318 Europe PMC PMID:9132918 Europe PMC PMID:9218278 Europe PMC Reaxys:17705 Reaxys 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione IUPAC CAFFEINE PDBeChem Caffeine KEGG_COMPOUND caffeine UniProt 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine KEGG_COMPOUND 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine ChemIDplus 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione IUPHAR 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 1-methyltheobromine ChemIDplus 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 7-methyltheophylline NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Coffein ChemIDplus Koffein ChemIDplus Thein ChemIDplus anhydrous caffeine KEGG_DRUG cafeina ChemIDplus cafeine ChEBI guaranine IUPHAR mateina ChemIDplus methyltheobromine IUPHAR teina ChEBI theine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. 0 C21H23NO5 InChI=1S/C21H23NO5/c1-11(23)25-16-6-4-13-10-15-14-5-7-17(26-12(2)24)20-21(14,8-9-22(15)3)18(13)19(16)27-20/h4-7,14-15,17,20H,8-10H2,1-3H3/t14-,15+,17-,20-,21-/m0/s1 GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N 369.41100 369.15762 [H][C@]12C=C[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]3Oc4c(OC(C)=O)ccc5C[C@H]1N(C)CC[C@@]23c45 CHEBI:24528 CHEBI:5680 CAS:561-27-3 DrugBank:DB01452 Drug_Central:4412 KEGG:C06534 KEGG:D07286 PMID:10454516 PMID:11441925 PMID:11448454 PMID:11557911 PMID:12965116 PMID:14534521 PMID:15212982 PMID:15213301 PMID:15550572 PMID:15772255 PMID:15843500 PMID:16076083 PMID:16333714 PMID:20331562 PMID:20649590 PMID:20735218 PMID:20810225 PMID:20855171 PMID:21235340 PMID:21309955 PMID:21362452 PMID:21452028 PMID:21527184 PMID:21568984 PMID:21608377 PMID:21734607 PMID:21740578 PMID:2352148 PMID:8858977 PMID:8893832 PMID:9918543 Reaxys:99261 Wikipedia:Heroin 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diyl diacetate Heroin chebi_ontology (5alpha,6alpha)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate (ester) 3,6-Diacetylmorphine 7,8-Dihydro-4,5-alpha-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-alpha-diol diacetate Diacetylmorphine Diamorphine O,O'-Diacetylmorphine CHEBI:27808 heroin CAS:561-27-3 ChemIDplus CAS:561-27-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:561-27-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4412 DrugCentral PMID:10454516 Europe PMC PMID:11441925 Europe PMC PMID:11448454 Europe PMC PMID:11557911 Europe PMC PMID:12965116 Europe PMC PMID:14534521 Europe PMC PMID:15212982 Europe PMC PMID:15213301 Europe PMC PMID:15550572 Europe PMC PMID:15772255 Europe PMC PMID:15843500 Europe PMC PMID:16076083 Europe PMC PMID:16333714 Europe PMC PMID:20331562 Europe PMC PMID:20649590 Europe PMC PMID:20735218 Europe PMC PMID:20810225 Europe PMC PMID:20855171 Europe PMC PMID:21235340 Europe PMC PMID:21309955 Europe PMC PMID:21362452 Europe PMC PMID:21452028 Europe PMC PMID:21527184 Europe PMC PMID:21568984 Europe PMC PMID:21608377 Europe PMC PMID:21734607 Europe PMC PMID:21740578 Europe PMC PMID:2352148 Europe PMC PMID:8858977 Europe PMC PMID:8893832 Europe PMC PMID:9918543 Europe PMC Reaxys:99261 Reaxys 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diyl diacetate IUPAC Heroin KEGG_COMPOUND (5alpha,6alpha)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate (ester) NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 3,6-Diacetylmorphine ChemIDplus 7,8-Dihydro-4,5-alpha-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-alpha-diol diacetate ChemIDplus Diacetylmorphine ChemIDplus Diacetylmorphine KEGG_COMPOUND Diamorphine KEGG_COMPOUND O,O'-Diacetylmorphine ChemIDplus A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. 0 C17H21NO4 InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-12-8-9-13(18)15(17(20)21-2)14(10-12)22-16(19)11-6-4-3-5-7-11/h3-7,12-15H,8-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,14-,15+/m0/s1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 303.35290 303.14706 [H][C@]12CC[C@]([H])([C@H]([C@H](C1)OC(=O)c1ccccc1)C(=O)OC)N2C CHEBI:23346 CHEBI:3801 CHEBI:41642 Beilstein:3621912 Beilstein:5291037 Beilstein:91034 CAS:50-36-2 DrugBank:DB00907 Drug_Central:723 Gmelin:170209 KEGG:C01416 KEGG:D00110 KNApSAcK:C00002285 MetaCyc:CPD-9776 PDBeChem:COC PMID:11416615 PMID:11853120 PMID:14962054 PMID:17551070 PMID:19536276 PMID:21150772 PMID:25303034 Reaxys:5291037 Reaxys:91034 Wikipedia:Cocaine (1R,2R,3S,5S)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)tropan-3-yl benzoate COCAINE Cocaine methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate chebi_ontology (-)-cocaine 2-methyl-3beta-hydroxy-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropane-2beta-carboxylate benzoate (ester) Benzoylmethylecgonine Cocain Cocaina Kokain Neurocaine [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester beta-Cocain cocainum l-Cocain l-cocaine methyl [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate methyl benzoylecgonine CHEBI:27958 cocaine Beilstein:3621912 Beilstein Beilstein:5291037 Beilstein Beilstein:91034 Beilstein CAS:50-36-2 ChemIDplus CAS:50-36-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:50-36-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:723 DrugCentral Gmelin:170209 Gmelin PMID:11416615 Europe PMC PMID:11853120 Europe PMC PMID:14962054 Europe PMC PMID:17551070 Europe PMC PMID:19536276 Europe PMC PMID:21150772 Europe PMC PMID:25303034 Europe PMC Reaxys:5291037 Reaxys Reaxys:91034 Reaxys (1R,2R,3S,5S)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)tropan-3-yl benzoate IUPAC COCAINE PDBeChem Cocaine KEGG_COMPOUND methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate IUPAC (-)-cocaine ChEBI 2-methyl-3beta-hydroxy-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropane-2beta-carboxylate benzoate (ester) NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Benzoylmethylecgonine ChemIDplus Cocain DrugBank Cocaina DrugBank Kokain ChEBI Kokain ChemIDplus Neurocaine ChemIDplus [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester NIST_Chemistry_WebBook beta-Cocain KEGG_COMPOUND cocainum ChEBI l-Cocain KEGG_COMPOUND l-cocaine ChemIDplus methyl [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate ChEBI methyl benzoylecgonine ChemIDplus A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 and a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 3. It acts as a central nervous system depressant, GABA agonist and muscle relaxant. 0 C10H12ClNO2 InChI=1S/C10H12ClNO2/c11-9-3-1-7(2-4-9)8(6-12)5-10(13)14/h1-4,8H,5-6,12H2,(H,13,14) KPYSYYIEGFHWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 213.66100 213.05566 NCC(CC(O)=O)c1ccc(Cl)cc1 Beilstein:2104494 CAS:1134-47-0 DrugBank:DB00181 Drug_Central:282 HMDB:HMDB0014327 KEGG:D00241 LINCS:LSM-5169 PMID:11772961 PMID:18682277 PMID:18824012 Patent:NL6407755 Patent:US3471548 Reaxys:2104494 Wikipedia:Baclofen 4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid chebi_ontology (+-)-Baclofen 4-Amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butyric acid DL-4-Amino-3-p-chlorophenylbutanoic acid DL-Baclofen baclofen baclofene baclofeno baclofenum beta-(4-Chlorophenyl)gaba beta-(Aminomethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid beta-(Aminomethyl)-p-chlorohydrocinnamic acid beta-(p-Chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Amino-beta-(p-chlorophenyl)butyric acid CHEBI:2972 baclofen Beilstein:2104494 Beilstein CAS:1134-47-0 ChemIDplus CAS:1134-47-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:282 DrugCentral PMID:11772961 Europe PMC PMID:18682277 Europe PMC PMID:18824012 Europe PMC Reaxys:2104494 Reaxys 4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid IUPAC (+-)-Baclofen ChemIDplus 4-Amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butyric acid ChemIDplus DL-4-Amino-3-p-chlorophenylbutanoic acid ChemIDplus DL-Baclofen ChemIDplus baclofen WHO_MedNet baclofene WHO_MedNet baclofeno WHO_MedNet baclofenum WHO_MedNet beta-(4-Chlorophenyl)gaba ChemIDplus beta-(Aminomethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid ChemIDplus beta-(Aminomethyl)-p-chlorohydrocinnamic acid ChemIDplus beta-(p-Chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid ChemIDplus gamma-Amino-beta-(p-chlorophenyl)butyric acid ChemIDplus A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. 0 HOR 17.007 17.00274 O[*] CHEBI:13804 CHEBI:22288 CHEBI:2553 KEGG:C00069 Alcohol alcohols chebi_ontology an alcohol CHEBI:30879 alcohol Alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND alcohols IUPAC an alcohol UniProt A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. 0 C29H41NO4 InChI=1S/C29H41NO4/c1-25(2,3)26(4,32)20-15-27-10-11-29(20,33-5)24-28(27)12-13-30(16-17-6-7-17)21(27)14-18-8-9-19(31)23(34-24)22(18)28/h8-9,17,20-21,24,31-32H,6-7,10-16H2,1-5H3/t20-,21-,24-,26+,27-,28+,29-/m1/s1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 467.64010 467.30356 [H][C@@]1(C[C@]23CC[C@]1(OC)[C@@H]1Oc4c(O)ccc5C[C@H]2N(CC[C@@]31c45)CC1CC1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C CHEBI:143179 CHEBI:166254 CHEBI:453763 CHEBI:489640 CHEBI:656608 Beilstein:6182863 CAS:52485-79-7 DrugBank:DB00921 Drug_Central:434 KEGG:C08007 KEGG:D07132 PMID:10649968 PMID:16650985 PMID:17887741 Patent:GB1136214 Patent:US3433791 VSDB:1789 (5alpha,6beta,14beta,18R)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-18-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-6-methoxy-18,19-dihydro-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethenomorphinan-3-ol Buprenorphine chebi_ontology (-)-buprenorphine 17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-7alpha-((S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-3-ol 2-(N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-6alpha-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol 2-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-11-hydroxy-15-methoxy-(14R)-13-oxa-3-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.06,14.07,12]icosa-7,9,11-trien-16-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol 21-cyclopropyl-7alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine buprenorfina buprenorphine buprenorphinum CHEBI:3216 buprenorphine Beilstein:6182863 Beilstein CAS:52485-79-7 ChemIDplus CAS:52485-79-7 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:434 DrugCentral PMID:10649968 ChEMBL PMID:16650985 ChEMBL PMID:17887741 ChEMBL (5alpha,6beta,14beta,18R)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-18-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-6-methoxy-18,19-dihydro-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethenomorphinan-3-ol IUPAC Buprenorphine KEGG_COMPOUND (-)-buprenorphine ChEBI 17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-7alpha-((S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-3-ol ChemIDplus 2-(N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-6alpha-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol ChemIDplus 2-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-11-hydroxy-15-methoxy-(14R)-13-oxa-3-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.06,14.07,12]icosa-7,9,11-trien-16-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol ChEMBL 21-cyclopropyl-7alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine ChemIDplus buprenorfina ChemIDplus buprenorphine ChemIDplus buprenorphinum ChemIDplus An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. 0 C13H18ClNO InChI=1S/C13H18ClNO/c1-9(15-13(2,3)4)12(16)10-6-5-7-11(14)8-10/h5-9,15H,1-4H3 SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 239.74086 239.10769 CC(NC(C)(C)C)C(=O)c1cccc(Cl)c1 Beilstein:2101062 CAS:34841-39-9 CAS:34911-55-2 DrugBank:DB01156 Drug_Central:435 HMDB:HMDB0001510 KEGG:C06860 KEGG:D07591 LINCS:LSM-1267 MetaCyc:CPD-3481 PMID:12826985 PMID:15876900 Reaxys:2101062 Wikipedia:Bupropion 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one Bupropion chebi_ontology CHEBI:3219 bupropion Beilstein:2101062 ChemIDplus CAS:34841-39-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:34911-55-2 ChemIDplus Drug_Central:435 DrugCentral PMID:12826985 Europe PMC PMID:15876900 Europe PMC Reaxys:2101062 Reaxys 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one IUPAC Bupropion KEGG_COMPOUND 0 C10H13N3O2 InChI=1S/C10H13N3O2/c1-13(12-15)7-3-5-10(14)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8H,3,5,7H2,1H3 FLAQQSHRLBFIEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207.22924 207.10078 CN(CCCC(=O)c1cccnc1)N=O Beilstein:3548355 CAS:64091-91-4 KEGG:C16453 4-[methyl(nitroso)amino]-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one chebi_ontology 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone NNK NNK (carcinogen) CHEBI:32692 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-one Beilstein:3548355 ChemIDplus CAS:64091-91-4 ChemIDplus CAS:64091-91-4 KEGG COMPOUND 4-[methyl(nitroso)amino]-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one IUPAC 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone ChemIDplus 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone ChemIDplus NNK KEGG_COMPOUND NNK (carcinogen) ChemIDplus A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:13814 CHEBI:22474 CHEBI:2641 KEGG:C00706 Amine amines chebi_ontology Amin Substituted amine CHEBI:32952 amine Amine KEGG_COMPOUND amines IUPAC Amin ChEBI Substituted amine KEGG_COMPOUND An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. 0 CO2R2 44.010 43.98983 [*]C(=O)O[*] CHEBI:13204 CHEBI:23028 CHEBI:3408 KEGG:C02391 Wikipedia:Ester Carboxylic ester carboxylic esters chebi_ontology a carboxylic ester carboxylic acid esters CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester Carboxylic ester KEGG_COMPOUND carboxylic esters IUPAC a carboxylic ester UniProt carboxylic acid esters ChEBI A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound cyclic compounds ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. homocyclic compound homocyclic compounds chebi_ontology isocyclic compounds CHEBI:33597 homocyclic compound homocyclic compound IUPAC homocyclic compounds IUPAC isocyclic compounds IUPAC A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compounds chebi_ontology carbocycle CHEBI:33598 carbocyclic compound carbocyclic compound IUPAC carbocyclic compounds IUPAC carbocycle ChEBI chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic compounds CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound polycyclic compounds ChEBI A molecule that features two fused rings. chebi_ontology bicyclic compounds CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound bicyclic compounds ChEBI A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms. ortho-fused polycyclic compounds chebi_ontology ortho-fused compounds CHEBI:33637 ortho-fused compound ortho-fused polycyclic compounds IUPAC ortho-fused compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology organic aromatic compounds CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds ChEBI cyclic hydrocarbon chebi_ontology cyclic hydrocarbons CHEBI:33663 cyclic hydrocarbon cyclic hydrocarbon ChEBI cyclic hydrocarbons ChEBI A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds chebi_ontology polyheterocyclic compounds CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound heteropolycyclic compounds IUPAC polyheterocyclic compounds ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group. gamma-amino acid chebi_ontology gamma-amino acids CHEBI:33707 gamma-amino acid gamma-amino acid ChEBI gamma-amino acids ChEBI An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. CHEBI:64710 hydroxy compounds chebi_ontology organic alcohol organic hydroxy compounds CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound hydroxy compounds IUPAC organic alcohol ChEBI organic hydroxy compounds ChEBI Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds ChEBI A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarenes chebi_ontology hetarenes CHEBI:33833 heteroarene heteroarenes IUPAC hetarenes IUPAC chebi_ontology benzenoid aromatic compounds benzenoid compound CHEBI:33836 benzenoid aromatic compound benzenoid aromatic compounds ChEBI benzenoid compound ChEBI A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. PMID:15198916 PMID:25679824 Wikipedia:Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon chebi_ontology PAH PAHs polycyclic arenes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons CHEBI:33848 polycyclic arene PMID:15198916 Europe PMC PMID:25679824 Europe PMC PAH ChEBI PAHs ChEBI polycyclic arenes ChEBI polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ChEBI 0 C22H21Cl3N4O InChI=1S/C22H21Cl3N4O/c1-14-20(22(30)27-28-11-3-2-4-12-28)26-29(19-10-9-17(24)13-18(19)25)21(14)15-5-7-16(23)8-6-15/h5-10,13H,2-4,11-12H2,1H3,(H,27,30) JZCPYUJPEARBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 463.788 462.07809 Cc1c(nn(c1-c1ccc(Cl)cc1)-c1ccc(Cl)cc1Cl)C(=O)NN1CCCCC1 CAS:168273-06-1 Drug_Central:4150 HMDB:HMDB0015623 KEGG:C14319 KEGG:D05731 LINCS:LSM-36994 SR 141716 chebi_ontology Rimonabant SR141716 SR141716A acomplia CHEBI:34967 SR 141716 rimonabant CAS:168273-06-1 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:4150 DrugCentral SR 141716 KEGG_COMPOUND Rimonabant KEGG_COMPOUND SR141716 DrugCentral SR141716A DrugCentral acomplia DrugCentral chebi_ontology fused compounds fused polycyclic compounds fused-ring polycyclic compound fused-ring polycyclic compounds polycyclic fused-ring compounds CHEBI:35293 fused compound fused compounds ChEBI fused polycyclic compounds ChEBI fused-ring polycyclic compound ChEBI fused-ring polycyclic compounds ChEBI polycyclic fused-ring compounds ChEBI A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. chebi_ontology carbopolycyclic compounds CHEBI:35294 carbopolycyclic compound carbopolycyclic compounds ChEBI Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. chebi_ontology amphetamine drug CHEBI:35338 amphetamines amphetamine drug ChEBI Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. chebi_ontology antidepressant drugs antidepressants thymoanaleptics thymoleptic drugs thymoleptics CHEBI:35469 antidepressant antidepressant drugs ChEBI antidepressants ChEBI thymoanaleptics ChEBI thymoleptic drugs ChEBI thymoleptics ChEBI A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. chebi_ontology CNS agent CNS drugs central nervous system agents CHEBI:35470 central nervous system drug CNS agent ChEBI CNS drugs ChEBI central nervous system agents ChEBI A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Wikipedia:Psychotropic_drug chebi_ontology psychoactive agent psychoactive drugs psychopharmaceuticals psychotropic drugs CHEBI:35471 psychoactive drug psychotropic drug psychoactive agent ChEBI psychoactive drugs ChEBI psychopharmaceuticals ChEBI psychotropic drugs ChEBI A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour. chebi_ontology ataractics tranquilising drug tranquilizing drugs tranquillising agent tranquillizing agents CHEBI:35473 tranquilizing drug tranquillising agent ChEBI tranquillizing agents ChEBI ataractics ChEBI tranquilising drug ChEBI tranquilizing drugs ChEBI Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. chebi_ontology anti-anxiety agents anti-anxiety drugs anxiolytic agents anxiolytics minor tranquilisers minor tranquilizers minor tranquilizing agents CHEBI:35474 anxiolytic drug anti-anxiety agents ChEBI anti-anxiety drugs ChEBI anxiolytic agents ChEBI anxiolytics ChEBI minor tranquilisers ChEBI minor tranquilizers ChEBI minor tranquilizing agents ChEBI Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. chebi_ontology Neuroleptikum antipsychotic agents antipsychotic drug antipsychotic drugs antipsychotics antipsychotiques grosser Tranquilizer major tranquilizers major tranquilizing agents neuroleptic neuroleptic agents neuroleptics neuroleptique neuroleptiques CHEBI:35476 antipsychotic agent Neuroleptikum ChEBI antipsychotic agents ChEBI antipsychotic drug ChEBI antipsychotic drugs ChEBI antipsychotics ChEBI antipsychotiques ChEBI grosser Tranquilizer ChEBI major tranquilizers ChEBI major tranquilizing agents ChEBI neuroleptic ChEBI neuroleptic agents ChEBI neuroleptics ChEBI neuroleptique ChEBI neuroleptiques ChEBI Antimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. chebi_ontology antimanic agent antimanic drugs antimanics CHEBI:35477 antimanic drug antimanic agent ChEBI antimanic drugs ChEBI antimanics ChEBI A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. chebi_ontology narcotic narcotic analgesic narcotic analgesics narcotics opioid analgesics CHEBI:35482 opioid analgesic narcotic ChEBI narcotic analgesic ChEBI narcotic analgesics ChEBI narcotics ChEBI opioid analgesics ChEBI A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. chebi_ontology CNS depressants central nervous system depressants CHEBI:35488 central nervous system depressant CNS depressants ChEBI central nervous system depressants ChEBI A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food. chebi_ontology flavoring agent flavoring agents flavour enhancer flavour enhancers flavouring agents CHEBI:35617 flavouring agent flavoring agent ChEBI flavoring agents ChEBI flavour enhancer ChEBI flavour enhancers ChEBI flavouring agents ChEBI A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. CHEBI:23960 CHEBI:4859 KEGG:C00287 Wikipedia:Ester Ester chebi_ontology esters CHEBI:35701 ester Ester KEGG_COMPOUND esters ChEBI N-Nitroso amines, compounds of the structure R2NNO. Compounds RNHNO are not ordinarily isolable, but they, too, are nitrosamines. The name is a contraction of N-nitrosoamine and, as such, does not require the N locant. 0 N2OR2 44.01280 44.00106 [*]N([*])N=O Wikipedia:Nitrosamine chebi_ontology N-Nitroso amines nitrosamines CHEBI:35803 nitrosamine N-Nitroso amines IUPAC nitrosamines ChEBI A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two or more atoms in common. chebi_ontology bridged compounds CHEBI:35990 bridged compound bridged compounds ChEBI Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond. 0 ClR 35.453 34.96885 *Cl MetaCyc:Chlorides Wikipedia:Organochloride organochlorine compound chebi_ontology an organochlorine molecule chloroorganic compounds chlororganische Verbindungen organochloride organochloride compound organochloride compounds organochlorides organochlorine compounds CHEBI:36683 organochlorine compound organochlorine compound ChEBI an organochlorine molecule UniProt chloroorganic compounds ChEBI chlororganische Verbindungen ChEBI organochloride ChEBI organochloride compound ChEBI organochloride compounds ChEBI organochlorides ChEBI organochlorine compounds ChEBI A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon. chebi_ontology carbobicyclic compounds CHEBI:36785 carbobicyclic compound carbobicyclic compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. 0 Cd InChI=1S/Cd BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 112.414 113.90336 [Cd] PMID:22280272 PMID:7203111 PMID:7850774 Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium chebi_ontology CHEBI:37249 elemental cadmium PMID:22280272 Europe PMC PMID:7203111 Europe PMC PMID:7850774 Europe PMC A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. chebi_ontology heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. PMID:17134300 chebi_ontology heterocyclic organooxygen compounds organooxygen heterocyclic compounds oxacycles CHEBI:38104 oxacycle PMID:17134300 Europe PMC heterocyclic organooxygen compounds ChEBI organooxygen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI oxacycles ChEBI chebi_ontology organic heteropentacyclic compounds CHEBI:38164 organic heteropentacyclic compound organic heteropentacyclic compounds ChEBI CHEBI:25429 CHEBI:38075 chebi_ontology organic heteropolycyclic compounds CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound organic heteropolycyclic compounds ChEBI Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. chebi_ontology cholinergic agent cholinergic drugs cholinomimetic CHEBI:38323 cholinergic drug cholinergic agent ChEBI cholinergic drugs ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. 0 C16H10 InChI=1S/C16H10/c1-3-11-7-9-13-5-2-6-14-10-8-12(4-1)15(11)16(13)14/h1-10H BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 202.25060 202.07825 c1cc2ccc3cccc4ccc(c1)c2c34 CHEBI:29860 CHEBI:34940 Beilstein:1307225 CAS:129-00-0 Gmelin:84203 HMDB:HMDB0042002 KEGG:C14335 PMID:12946434 PMID:16349406 PMID:17517702 PMID:18428918 PMID:18709924 PMID:24406158 PMID:7561049 Reaxys:1307225 Wikipedia:Pyrene Pyrene pyrene chebi_ontology Pyren benzo[def]phenanthrene beta-pyrene CHEBI:39106 pyrene Beilstein:1307225 Beilstein CAS:129-00-0 ChemIDplus CAS:129-00-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:129-00-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84203 Gmelin PMID:12946434 Europe PMC PMID:16349406 Europe PMC PMID:17517702 Europe PMC PMID:18428918 Europe PMC PMID:18709924 Europe PMC PMID:24406158 Europe PMC PMID:7561049 Europe PMC Reaxys:1307225 Reaxys Pyrene KEGG_COMPOUND pyrene IUPAC Pyren ChemIDplus benzo[def]phenanthrene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook beta-pyrene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. 0 C11H14N2O InChI=1S/C11H14N2O/c14-11-3-1-2-10-9-4-8(5-12-6-9)7-13(10)11/h1-3,8-9,12H,4-7H2/t8-,9+/m0/s1 ANJTVLIZGCUXLD-DTWKUNHWSA-N 190.24170 190.11061 O=c1cccc2[C@H]3CNC[C@H](C3)Cn12 CAS:485-35-8 KEGG:C10763 KEGG:D07770 KNApSAcK:C00002218 LINCS:LSM-25650 PDBeChem:C5E PMID:21217866 PMID:21991893 PMID:22090039 PMID:22250168 PMID:22367109 PMID:23022271 PMID:23404838 PMID:23563038 PMID:23601929 PMID:23876236 PMID:23966067 PMID:23974638 PMID:24117010 PMID:24550234 PMID:24831822 PMID:24885253 PMID:25117409 PMID:25231024 PMID:25288485 PMID:25517706 PMID:25517710 Reaxys:83882 Wikipedia:Cytisine (1R,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one chebi_ontology (-)-cytisine baptitoxin baptitoxine laburnin sophorin sophorine CHEBI:4055 cytisine CAS:485-35-8 ChemIDplus CAS:485-35-8 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:485-35-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:21217866 Europe PMC PMID:21991893 Europe PMC PMID:22090039 Europe PMC PMID:22250168 Europe PMC PMID:22367109 Europe PMC PMID:23022271 Europe PMC PMID:23404838 Europe PMC PMID:23563038 Europe PMC PMID:23601929 Europe PMC PMID:23876236 Europe PMC PMID:23966067 Europe PMC PMID:23974638 Europe PMC PMID:24117010 Europe PMC PMID:24550234 Europe PMC PMID:24831822 Europe PMC PMID:24885253 Europe PMC PMID:25117409 Europe PMC PMID:25231024 Europe PMC PMID:25288485 Europe PMC PMID:25517706 Europe PMC PMID:25517710 Europe PMC Reaxys:83882 Reaxys (1R,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one IUPAC (-)-cytisine ChEBI baptitoxin ChemIDplus baptitoxine ChemIDplus laburnin ChemIDplus sophorin ChemIDplus sophorine ChemIDplus An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position. 0 C4H6O InChI=1S/C4H6O/c1-2-3-4-5/h2-4H,1H3/b3-2+ MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 70.08980 70.04186 [H]C(=O)\C=C\C CAS:123-73-9 CAS:4170-30-3 KEGG:C19377 PDBeChem:CRD PMID:20153411 PMID:20672270 PMID:20736172 PMID:21238556 PMID:21306579 Reaxys:1209254 (2E)-but-2-enal chebi_ontology (2E)-BUT-2-ENAL (E)-crotonaldehyde 1-formylpropene 2-Butenal aldehyde crotonique beta-methylacrolein crotonal crotonic aldehyde crotylaldehyde methylpropenal propylene aldehyde trans-2-butenal trans-2-butenaldehyde trans-but-2-enal trans-crotonaldehyde CHEBI:41607 crotonaldehyde CAS:123-73-9 ChemIDplus CAS:4170-30-3 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:20153411 Europe PMC PMID:20672270 Europe PMC PMID:20736172 Europe PMC PMID:21238556 Europe PMC PMID:21306579 Europe PMC Reaxys:1209254 Reaxys (2E)-but-2-enal IUPAC (2E)-BUT-2-ENAL PDBeChem (E)-crotonaldehyde ChEBI 1-formylpropene ChemIDplus 2-Butenal KEGG_COMPOUND aldehyde crotonique ChemIDplus beta-methylacrolein ChemIDplus crotonal ChemIDplus crotonic aldehyde ChemIDplus crotylaldehyde ChemIDplus methylpropenal ChemIDplus propylene aldehyde ChemIDplus trans-2-butenal ChemIDplus trans-2-butenaldehyde ChemIDplus trans-but-2-enal ChEBI trans-crotonaldehyde ChEBI A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. 0 C9H17NO2 InChI=1S/C9H17NO2/c10-7-9(6-8(11)12)4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-7,10H2,(H,11,12) UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 171.23680 171.12593 NCC1(CCCCC1)CC(O)=O CHEBI:5237 Beilstein:2359739 CAS:60142-96-3 DrugBank:DB00996 Drug_Central:1264 HMDB:HMDB0005015 KEGG:D00332 LINCS:LSM-5716 PDBeChem:GBN PMID:22048285 PMID:22144034 PMID:22240839 PMID:22240859 PMID:22279347 PMID:22296650 PMID:22345405 PMID:22352861 PMID:22419014 PMID:22422817 PMID:22464746 PMID:22467888 PMID:22556282 PMID:22575516 PMID:22612015 PMID:22865488 PMID:22888801 PMID:22934077 PMID:22946876 PMID:23018586 PMID:23053645 Patent:EP1140793 Patent:US2008103334 Patent:US2008269326 Patent:US2009043126 Patent:US2009292138 Patent:US2012046272 Patent:WO2005037784 Patent:WO2008060572 Patent:WO2010023694 Reaxys:2359739 VSDB:2975 Wikipedia:Gabapentin [1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid chebi_ontology 1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid Neurontin gabapentin gabapentina gabapentine gabapentinum CHEBI:42797 gabapentin Beilstein:2359739 ChemIDplus CAS:60142-96-3 ChemIDplus CAS:60142-96-3 KEGG DRUG Drug_Central:1264 DrugCentral PMID:22048285 Europe PMC PMID:22144034 Europe PMC PMID:22240839 Europe PMC PMID:22240859 Europe PMC PMID:22279347 Europe PMC PMID:22296650 Europe PMC PMID:22345405 Europe PMC PMID:22352861 Europe PMC PMID:22419014 Europe PMC PMID:22422817 Europe PMC PMID:22464746 Europe PMC PMID:22467888 Europe PMC PMID:22556282 Europe PMC PMID:22575516 Europe PMC PMID:22612015 Europe PMC PMID:22865488 Europe PMC PMID:22888801 Europe PMC PMID:22934077 Europe PMC PMID:22946876 Europe PMC PMID:23018586 Europe PMC PMID:23053645 Europe PMC Reaxys:2359739 Reaxys [1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid IUPAC 1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid ChemIDplus Neurontin DrugBank gabapentin KEGG_DRUG gabapentina WHO_MedNet gabapentine DrugBank gabapentinum DrugBank An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. CHEBI:82738 Wikipedia:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor chebi_ontology muscarinic agonists nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists nicotinic agonist nicotinic agonists CHEBI:47958 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists ChEBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists ChEBI nicotinic agonist ChEBI nicotinic agonists ChEBI An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. Wikipedia:Nicotinic_antagonist chebi_ontology agente antinicotinico agentes antinicotinicos agents antinicotiniques antinicotinicos nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists nicotinic antagonists nicotinic cholinergic agonist CHEBI:48878 nicotinic antagonist agente antinicotinico ChEBI agentes antinicotinicos ChEBI agents antinicotiniques ChEBI antinicotinicos ChEBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist ChEBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists ChEBI nicotinic antagonists ChEBI nicotinic cholinergic agonist ChEBI A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. 0 C16H13ClN2O InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 284.74000 284.07164 CN1C(=O)CN=C(c2ccccc2)c2cc(Cl)ccc12 CHEBI:4494 CHEBI:49574 Beilstein:754371 CAS:439-14-5 DrugBank:DB00829 Drug_Central:852 Gmelin:124061 HMDB:HMDB0014967 KEGG:C06948 KEGG:D00293 LINCS:LSM-2359 PDBeChem:DZP PMID:11925051 PMID:16365514 PMID:16780966 Reaxys:754371 VSDB:2972 Wikipedia:Diazepam Diazepam chebi_ontology 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one Valium methyl diazepinone CHEBI:49575 diazepam Beilstein:754371 Beilstein CAS:439-14-5 ChemIDplus CAS:439-14-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:439-14-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:852 DrugCentral Gmelin:124061 Gmelin PMID:11925051 Europe PMC PMID:16365514 Europe PMC PMID:16780966 Europe PMC Reaxys:754371 Reaxys Diazepam KEGG_COMPOUND 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Valium ChemIDplus methyl diazepinone ChemIDplus A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology organic amino compounds CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1). Wikipedia:Alcohol_dehydrogenase chebi_ontology ADH inhibitor ADH inhibitors EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitors EC 1.1.1.1 inhibitor EC 1.1.1.1 inhibitors NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors NADH-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor NADH-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) inhibitor alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) inhibitors alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitor alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitors alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitor alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitors aldehyde reductase inhibitor aldehyde reductase inhibitors aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ethanol dehydrogenase inhibitor ethanol dehydrogenase inhibitors primary alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor primary alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors yeast alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor yeast alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors CHEBI:50269 EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor ADH inhibitor ChEBI ADH inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.1.1.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.1.1.1 inhibitors ChEBI NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI NADH-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NADH-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) inhibitor ChEBI alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) inhibitors ChEBI alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitor ChEBI alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitors ChEBI alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI aldehyde reductase inhibitor ChEBI aldehyde reductase inhibitors ChEBI aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI ethanol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI ethanol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI primary alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI primary alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI yeast alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI yeast alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. chebi_ontology agente carcinogeno cancerigene cancerogene carcinogen carcinogene carcinogenic agents carcinogeno carcinogens CHEBI:50903 carcinogenic agent agente carcinogeno ChEBI cancerigene ChEBI cancerogene ChEBI carcinogen ChEBI carcinogene ChEBI carcinogenic agents ChEBI carcinogeno ChEBI carcinogens ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 chemical realizable role A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology secondary amino compounds CHEBI:50995 secondary amino compound secondary amino compounds ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology tertiary amino compounds CHEBI:50996 tertiary amino compound tertiary amino compounds ChEBI CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. chebi_ontology anti-tussive cough suppressant cough suppressants CHEBI:51177 antitussive anti-tussive ChEBI cough suppressant ChEBI cough suppressants ChEBI A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:33293 CHEBI:33294 chebi_ontology farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND compuesto heterociclico IUPAC compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC heterocycle ChEBI heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine. 0 C18H21NO3 InChI=1S/C18H21NO3/c1-19-8-7-18-11-4-5-13(20)17(18)22-16-14(21-2)6-3-10(15(16)18)9-12(11)19/h3,6,11-12,17H,4-5,7-9H2,1-2H3/t11-,12+,17-,18-/m0/s1 LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N 299.36420 299.15214 [H][C@]12CCC(=O)[C@@H]3Oc4c(OC)ccc5C[C@H]1N(C)CC[C@@]23c45 Beilstein:94193 CAS:125-29-1 DrugBank:DB00956 Drug_Central:1386 KEGG:C08024 KEGG:D08045 PMID:3211162 Patent:DE415097 Patent:DE623821 Patent:US2715626 Reaxys:94193 Wikipedia:Hydrocodone 3-methoxy-17-methyl-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one Hydrocodone chebi_ontology (-)-Dihydrocodeinone 4,5-alpha-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one Dihydrocodeinone Hydrocodon Hydrocone Hydroconum Idrocodone hidrocodona hydrocodone hydrocodonum CHEBI:5779 hydrocodone Beilstein:94193 Beilstein CAS:125-29-1 ChemIDplus Drug_Central:1386 DrugCentral PMID:3211162 Europe PMC Reaxys:94193 Reaxys 3-methoxy-17-methyl-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one IUPAC Hydrocodone KEGG_COMPOUND (-)-Dihydrocodeinone ChemIDplus 4,5-alpha-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one ChemIDplus Dihydrocodeinone ChemIDplus Dihydrocodeinone KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrocodon ChemIDplus Hydrocone ChemIDplus Hydroconum ChemIDplus Idrocodone ChemIDplus hidrocodona WHO_MedNet hydrocodone ChemIDplus hydrocodone WHO_MedNet hydrocodonum WHO_MedNet An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. 0 C11H15NO InChI=1S/C11H15NO/c1-8-4-6-10(7-5-8)11(13)9(2)12-3/h4-7,9,12H,1-3H3 YELGFTGWJGBAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 177.24290 177.11536 CNC(C)C(=O)c1ccc(C)cc1 Beilstein:2717770 CAS:1189805-46-6 HMDB:HMDB0041923 PMID:23949206 PMID:24446273 PMID:24456744 Patent:US2012094316 Reaxys:2717770 Wikipedia:Mephedrone 2-(methylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one chebi_ontology 4-MMC 4-methylephedrone 4-methylmethcathinone CHEBI:59331 mephedrone Beilstein:2717770 Beilstein CAS:1189805-46-6 ChemIDplus PMID:23949206 Europe PMC PMID:24446273 Europe PMC PMID:24456744 Europe PMC Reaxys:2717770 Reaxys 2-(methylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one IUPAC 4-MMC ChEBI 4-methylephedrone ChEBI 4-methylmethcathinone ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chebi_ontology Chemische Substanz CHEBI:59999 chemical substance Chemische Substanz ChEBI A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers. chebi_ontology melange racemique racemates racemic mixture CHEBI:60911 racemate melange racemique ChEBI racemates ChEBI racemic mixture ChEBI An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. 0 C21H30O2 InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-5-6-7-8-15-12-18(22)20-16-11-14(2)9-10-17(16)21(3,4)23-19(20)13-15/h11-13,16-17,22H,5-10H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-/m1/s1 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N 314.46170 314.22458 [H][C@@]12CCC(C)=C[C@@]1([H])c1c(O)cc(CCCCC)cc1OC2(C)C CHEBI:4716 CAS:1972-08-3 DrugBank:DB00470 Drug_Central:4109 HMDB:HMDB0041865 KEGG:C06972 KEGG:D00306 KNApSAcK:C00002675 MetaCyc:CPD-7172 PDBeChem:TCI PMID:15190053 PMID:16511162 PMID:21310551 PMID:21590520 PMID:21671456 PMID:21803011 PMID:22260337 PMID:22288893 PMID:22305029 PMID:22491047 PMID:22553980 PMID:22680341 PMID:22722508 PMID:22807156 Reaxys:4354308 Wikipedia:Tetrahydrocannabinol (6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol chebi_ontology (-)-delta9-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol 1-trans-delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol 3-Pentyl-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-1-ol 6,6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol Delta(9)-THC Dronabinol Dronabinolum Syndros Tetrahydrocannabinol delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol dronabinol CHEBI:66964 Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol THC CAS:1972-08-3 ChemIDplus CAS:1972-08-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:1972-08-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4109 DrugCentral MetaCyc:CPD-7172 SUBMITTER PMID:15190053 SUBMITTER PMID:16511162 SUBMITTER PMID:21310551 Europe PMC PMID:21590520 Europe PMC PMID:21671456 Europe PMC PMID:21803011 Europe PMC PMID:22260337 Europe PMC PMID:22288893 Europe PMC PMID:22305029 Europe PMC PMID:22491047 Europe PMC PMID:22553980 Europe PMC PMID:22680341 Europe PMC PMID:22722508 Europe PMC PMID:22807156 Europe PMC Reaxys:4354308 Reaxys (6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol IUPAC Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol UniProt (-)-delta9-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol ChemIDplus 1-trans-delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ChemIDplus 3-Pentyl-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-1-ol ChemIDplus 6,6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol SUBMITTER Delta(9)-THC SUBMITTER Dronabinol KEGG_COMPOUND Dronabinolum ChemIDplus Syndros ChEBI Tetrahydrocannabinol KEGG_COMPOUND delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol KEGG_COMPOUND dronabinol KEGG_DRUG An agonist that binds to and activates cannabinoid receptors. Wikipedia:Cannabinoid_receptor chebi_ontology cannabinoid receptor agonists CHEBI:67072 cannabinoid receptor agonist cannabinoid receptor agonists ChEBI A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin. PMID:22234284 PMID:22530636 PMID:22555283 Wikipedia:Cannabinoid chebi_ontology cannabinoids CHEBI:67194 cannabinoid PMID:22234284 Europe PMC PMID:22530636 Europe PMC PMID:22555283 Europe PMC cannabinoids ChEBI A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa. PMID:21924288 PMID:22157176 PMID:22166891 Patent:US2012021075 Patent:WO2012011112 chebi_ontology herbal cannabinoids natural cannabinoids phytocannabinoids CHEBI:67196 phytocannabinoid PMID:21924288 Europe PMC PMID:22157176 Europe PMC PMID:22166891 Europe PMC herbal cannabinoids ChEBI natural cannabinoids ChEBI phytocannabinoids ChEBI A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids. PMID:22561602 PMID:22748479 PMID:22796613 Patent:US6531636 chebi_ontology synthetic cannabinoids CHEBI:67201 synthetic cannabinoid PMID:22561602 Europe PMC PMID:22748479 Europe PMC PMID:22796613 Europe PMC synthetic cannabinoids ChEBI A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. 0 C21H27NO InChI=1S/C21H27NO/c1-5-20(23)21(16-17(2)22(3)4,18-12-8-6-9-13-18)19-14-10-7-11-15-19/h6-15,17H,5,16H2,1-4H3 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 309.44520 309.20926 CCC(=O)C(CC(C)N(C)C)(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 Beilstein:3213669 CAS:76-99-3 DrugBank:DB00333 Drug_Central:1728 HMDB:HMDB0014477 KEGG:C07163 KEGG:D08195 PMID:24117196 PMID:24157336 PMID:24489693 Reaxys:2221454 Wikipedia:Methadone 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one chebi_ontology (+-)-methadone 6-Dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone dl-Methadone methadone methadonum CHEBI:6807 methadone Beilstein:3213669 Beilstein CAS:76-99-3 ChemIDplus CAS:76-99-3 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:1728 DrugCentral PMID:24117196 Europe PMC PMID:24157336 Europe PMC PMID:24489693 Europe PMC Reaxys:2221454 Reaxys 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one IUPAC (+-)-methadone ChemIDplus 6-Dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone NIST_Chemistry_WebBook dl-Methadone NIST_Chemistry_WebBook methadone ChemIDplus methadonum ChemIDplus A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. 0 C10H15N InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3/t9-/m0/s1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 149.23284 149.12045 CN[C@@H](C)Cc1ccccc1 Beilstein:2207147 CAS:537-46-2 DrugBank:DB01577 Drug_Central:1732 HMDB:HMDB0015517 KEGG:C07164 KEGG:D08187 PDBeChem:B40 PMID:11221576 PMID:11406298 PMID:11711870 PMID:11717374 PMID:11829406 PMID:11831503 PMID:11847428 PMID:11896153 PMID:11984857 PMID:14645148 PMID:14769818 PMID:15380623 PMID:15542724 PMID:15542728 PMID:15808793 PMID:18279499 PMID:18509037 PMID:18521756 PMID:18991860 PMID:18991862 PMID:19269222 PMID:19384581 PMID:19576287 PMID:19732271 PMID:24349338 PMID:25724762 PMID:26302754 PMID:26541330 PMID:26568405 PMID:26683901 PMID:26775284 PMID:26992824 PMID:27232669 Reaxys:2207147 Wikipedia:Methamphetamine (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine Methamphetamine chebi_ontology (+)-(S)-N-alpha-dimethylphenethylamine (S)-N,alpha-dimethylbenzeneethanamine (alphaS)-N,alpha-dimethylbenzeneethanamine d-1-phenyl-2-methylaminopropane d-N-methylamphetamine d-deoxyephedrine d-desoxyephedrine d-phenylisopropylmethylamine dextromethamphetamine metamfetamine metamfetaminum metanfetamina methyl-beta-phenylisopropylamine CHEBI:6809 methamphetamine Beilstein:2207147 Beilstein CAS:537-46-2 ChemIDplus CAS:537-46-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:537-46-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1732 DrugCentral PMID:11221576 Europe PMC PMID:11406298 Europe PMC PMID:11711870 Europe PMC PMID:11717374 Europe PMC PMID:11829406 Europe PMC PMID:11831503 Europe PMC PMID:11847428 Europe PMC PMID:11896153 Europe PMC PMID:11984857 Europe PMC PMID:14645148 Europe PMC PMID:14769818 Europe PMC PMID:15380623 Europe PMC PMID:15542724 Europe PMC PMID:15542728 Europe PMC PMID:15808793 Europe PMC PMID:18279499 Europe PMC PMID:18509037 Europe PMC PMID:18521756 Europe PMC PMID:18991860 Europe PMC PMID:18991862 Europe PMC PMID:19269222 Europe PMC PMID:19384581 Europe PMC PMID:19576287 Europe PMC PMID:19732271 Europe PMC PMID:24349338 Europe PMC PMID:25724762 Europe PMC PMID:26302754 Europe PMC PMID:26541330 Europe PMC PMID:26568405 Europe PMC PMID:26683901 Europe PMC PMID:26775284 Europe PMC PMID:26992824 Europe PMC PMID:27232669 Europe PMC Reaxys:2207147 Reaxys (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine IUPAC Methamphetamine KEGG_COMPOUND (+)-(S)-N-alpha-dimethylphenethylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook (S)-N,alpha-dimethylbenzeneethanamine ChemIDplus (alphaS)-N,alpha-dimethylbenzeneethanamine ChemIDplus d-1-phenyl-2-methylaminopropane ChemIDplus d-N-methylamphetamine ChemIDplus d-deoxyephedrine ChemIDplus d-desoxyephedrine ChemIDplus d-phenylisopropylmethylamine ChemIDplus dextromethamphetamine ChEBI metamfetamine WHO_MedNet metamfetaminum WHO_MedNet metanfetamina WHO_MedNet methyl-beta-phenylisopropylamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. 0 C21H30O2 InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-5-6-7-8-16-12-19(22)21(20(23)13-16)18-11-15(4)9-10-17(18)14(2)3/h11-13,17-18,22-23H,2,5-10H2,1,3-4H3/t17-,18+/m0/s1 QHMBSVQNZZTUGM-ZWKOTPCHSA-N 314.462 314.22458 C=1(C(=CC(=CC1O)CCCCC)O)[C@H]2[C@](CCC(=C2)C)([H])C(C)=C CHEBI:3358 CAS:13956-29-1 DrugBank:DB09061 KEGG:C07578 KNApSAcK:C00002641 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPK13120001 MetaCyc:CPD-7173 PMID:25703248 PMID:26845349 PMID:26976797 PMID:27067870 PMID:27157263 PMID:27215129 PMID:27267317 PMID:27285147 PMID:27344041 PMID:27374322 PMID:27430346 PMID:27471947 PMID:27506704 Patent:US2304669 Reaxys:2222023 Wikipedia:Cannabidiol (1'R,2'R)-5'-methyl-4-pentyl-2'-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydrobiphenyl-2,6-diol chebi_ontology (-)-CBD (-)-cannabidiol (-)-trans-2-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl-5-pentylresorcinol (-)-trans-cannabidiol Delta(1(2))-trans-cannabidiol cannabidiol cannabidiolum CHEBI:69478 cannabidiol CAS:13956-29-1 ChemIDplus CAS:13956-29-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:13956-29-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMPK13120001 LIPID MAPS PMID:25703248 Europe PMC PMID:26845349 Europe PMC PMID:26976797 Europe PMC PMID:27067870 Europe PMC PMID:27157263 Europe PMC PMID:27215129 Europe PMC PMID:27267317 Europe PMC PMID:27285147 Europe PMC PMID:27344041 Europe PMC PMID:27374322 Europe PMC PMID:27430346 Europe PMC PMID:27471947 Europe PMC PMID:27506704 Europe PMC Reaxys:2222023 Reaxys (1'R,2'R)-5'-methyl-4-pentyl-2'-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydrobiphenyl-2,6-diol IUPAC (-)-CBD ChemIDplus (-)-cannabidiol ChemIDplus (-)-trans-2-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl-5-pentylresorcinol ChemIDplus (-)-trans-cannabidiol ChemIDplus Delta(1(2))-trans-cannabidiol ChemIDplus cannabidiol WHO_MedNet cannabidiolum WHO_MedNet Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI An antagonist that binds to and deactivates cannabinoid receptors. Wikipedia:Cannabinoid_receptor chebi_ontology cannabinoid receptor antagonists CHEBI:73413 cannabinoid receptor antagonist cannabinoid receptor antagonists ChEBI An antagonist that binds to and deactivates type 1 cannabinoid receptors. PMID:22463610 Wikipedia:Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1 CB1 receptor antagonist chebi_ontology CB1 receptor antagonists CB1R antagonist CB1R antagonists cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonists type 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist type 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists CHEBI:73416 CB1 receptor antagonist PMID:22463610 Europe PMC CB1 receptor antagonist ChEBI CB1 receptor antagonists ChEBI CB1R antagonist ChEBI CB1R antagonists ChEBI cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist ChEBI cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonists ChEBI type 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist ChEBI type 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists ChEBI An antagonist that binds to and deactivates type 2 cannabinoid receptors. Wikipedia:Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2 CB2 receptor antagonist chebi_ontology CB2 receptor antagonists CB2R antagonist CB2R antagonists cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonist cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonists type 2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist type 2 cannabinoid receptor antagonists CHEBI:73417 CB2 receptor antagonist CB2 receptor antagonist ChEBI CB2 receptor antagonists ChEBI CB2R antagonist ChEBI CB2R antagonists ChEBI cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonist ChEBI cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonists ChEBI type 2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist ChEBI type 2 cannabinoid receptor antagonists ChEBI A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. 0 C19H21NO4 InChI=1S/C19H21NO4/c1-2-8-20-9-7-18-15-11-3-4-12(21)16(15)24-17(18)13(22)5-6-19(18,23)14(20)10-11/h2-4,14,17,21,23H,1,5-10H2/t14-,17+,18+,19-/m1/s1 UZHSEJADLWPNLE-GRGSLBFTSA-N 327.37430 327.14706 Oc1ccc2C[C@H]3N(CC[C@@]45[C@@H](Oc1c24)C(=O)CC[C@@]35O)CC=C Beilstein:1089071 CAS:465-65-6 DrugBank:DB01183 Drug_Central:1878 HMDB:HMDB0015314 KEGG:C07252 KEGG:D08249 LINCS:LSM-3504 PMID:17023477 PMID:24868924 PMID:25468814 PMID:26469689 PMID:26604818 PMID:26634308 Patent:GB939287 Patent:US3254088 Reaxys:1089071 Wikipedia:Naloxone 3,14-dihydroxy-17-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one chebi_ontology (-)-naloxone 1-N-Allyl-14-hydroxynordihydromorphinone 17-allyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one naloxona naloxone naloxonum CHEBI:7459 naloxone Beilstein:1089071 Beilstein CAS:465-65-6 ChemIDplus CAS:465-65-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:465-65-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1878 DrugCentral PMID:17023477 Europe PMC PMID:24868924 Europe PMC PMID:25468814 Europe PMC PMID:26469689 Europe PMC PMID:26604818 Europe PMC PMID:26634308 Europe PMC Reaxys:1089071 Reaxys 3,14-dihydroxy-17-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one IUPAC (-)-naloxone ChEBI 1-N-Allyl-14-hydroxynordihydromorphinone ChemIDplus 17-allyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one ChEBI naloxona DrugBank naloxone ChemIDplus naloxone WHO_MedNet naloxonum DrugBank An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. 0 C20H23NO4 InChI=1S/C20H23NO4/c22-13-4-3-12-9-15-20(24)6-5-14(23)18-19(20,16(12)17(13)25-18)7-8-21(15)10-11-1-2-11/h3-4,11,15,18,22,24H,1-2,5-10H2/t15-,18+,19+,20-/m1/s1 DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N 341.40096 341.16271 Oc1ccc2C[C@H]3N(CC[C@@]45[C@@H](Oc1c24)C(=O)CC[C@@]35O)CC1CC1 Beilstein:3596648 CAS:16590-41-3 DrugBank:DB00704 Drug_Central:1765 HMDB:HMDB0014842 KEGG:C07253 KEGG:D05113 LINCS:LSM-3962 PMID:17023477 PMID:24107112 PMID:24659754 PMID:27690505 PMID:27700187 PMID:27787292 PMID:27813192 PMID:27875802 PMID:27922226 PMID:27936293 PMID:27987236 PMID:28011389 PMID:28029718 PMID:28044452 PMID:28061017 PMID:28068780 PMID:28106937 PMID:28118565 PMID:28130024 PMID:28144772 PMID:28153651 PMID:28161142 PMID:28168894 PMID:28184294 Patent:US3332950 Reaxys:3596648 Wikipedia:Naltrexone 3,14-dihydroxy-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one Naltrexone chebi_ontology 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one N-Cyclopropylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydromorphinone N-Cyclopropylmethylnoroxymorphone naltrexone CHEBI:7465 naltrexone Beilstein:3596648 Beilstein CAS:16590-41-3 ChemIDplus CAS:16590-41-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:16590-41-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:1765 DrugCentral PMID:17023477 Europe PMC PMID:24107112 Europe PMC PMID:24659754 Europe PMC PMID:27690505 Europe PMC PMID:27700187 Europe PMC PMID:27787292 Europe PMC PMID:27813192 Europe PMC PMID:27875802 Europe PMC PMID:27922226 Europe PMC PMID:27936293 Europe PMC PMID:27987236 Europe PMC PMID:28011389 Europe PMC PMID:28029718 Europe PMC PMID:28044452 Europe PMC PMID:28061017 Europe PMC PMID:28068780 Europe PMC PMID:28106937 Europe PMC PMID:28118565 Europe PMC PMID:28130024 Europe PMC PMID:28144772 Europe PMC PMID:28153651 Europe PMC PMID:28161142 Europe PMC PMID:28168894 Europe PMC PMID:28184294 Europe PMC Reaxys:3596648 Reaxys 3,14-dihydroxy-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one IUPAC Naltrexone KEGG_COMPOUND 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one ChemIDplus 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one ChemIDplus N-Cyclopropylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydromorphinone ChemIDplus N-Cyclopropylmethylnoroxymorphone ChemIDplus naltrexone ChemIDplus A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring. chebi_ontology aromatic ketones aryl ketone aryl ketones CHEBI:76224 aromatic ketone aromatic ketones ChEBI aryl ketone ChEBI aryl ketones ChEBI A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. 0 C18H21NO4 InChI=1S/C18H21NO4/c1-19-8-7-17-14-10-3-4-12(22-2)15(14)23-16(17)11(20)5-6-18(17,21)13(19)9-10/h3-4,13,16,21H,5-9H2,1-2H3/t13-,16+,17+,18-/m1/s1 BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N 315.36360 315.14706 COc1ccc2C[C@H]3N(C)CC[C@@]45[C@@H](Oc1c24)C(=O)CC[C@@]35O Beilstein:43446 CAS:76-42-6 DrugBank:DB00497 Drug_Central:2029 KEGG:C08018 KEGG:D05312 PMID:27093887 PMID:27873179 PMID:27921252 PMID:28074831 PMID:28080998 PMID:28107783 PMID:28127624 PMID:28170358 PMID:28194654 PMID:28205004 Wikipedia:Oxycodone 14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one Oxycodone chebi_ontology (-)-14-Hydroxydihydrocodeinone 4,5-Epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one 4,5alpha-Epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one Dihydro-14-hydroxycodeinone Dihydrohydroxycodeinone Dihydroxycodeinone oxicodona oxycodone oxycodonum CHEBI:7852 oxycodone Beilstein:43446 Beilstein CAS:76-42-6 ChemIDplus Drug_Central:2029 DrugCentral PMID:27093887 Europe PMC PMID:27873179 Europe PMC PMID:27921252 Europe PMC PMID:28074831 Europe PMC PMID:28080998 Europe PMC PMID:28107783 Europe PMC PMID:28127624 Europe PMC PMID:28170358 Europe PMC PMID:28194654 Europe PMC PMID:28205004 Europe PMC 14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-one IUPAC Oxycodone KEGG_COMPOUND (-)-14-Hydroxydihydrocodeinone ChemIDplus 4,5-Epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one ChemIDplus 4,5alpha-Epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one ChemIDplus Dihydro-14-hydroxycodeinone ChemIDplus Dihydrohydroxycodeinone ChemIDplus Dihydroxycodeinone ChemIDplus oxicodona WHO_MedNet oxycodone ChemIDplus oxycodone WHO_MedNet oxycodonum WHO_MedNet Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond. chebi_ontology olefinic compounds CHEBI:78840 olefinic compound olefinic compounds ChEBI Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine. chebi_ontology CHEBI:83403 monochlorobenzenes Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects. chebi_ontology morphinane-like compopunds CHEBI:83818 morphinane-like compound morphinane-like compopunds ChEBI An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking. 0 C13H13N3 InChI=1S/C13H13N3/c1-2-16-13-5-11-9-3-8(6-14-7-9)10(11)4-12(13)15-1/h1-2,4-5,8-9,14H,3,6-7H2/t8-,9+ JQSHBVHOMNKWFT-DTORHVGOSA-N 211.26240 211.11095 C1[C@H]2CNC[C@@H]1c1cc3nccnc3cc21 CAS:249296-44-4 DrugBank:DB01273 Drug_Central:2808 HMDB:HMDB0015398 KEGG:D08669 LINCS:LSM-5358 PDBeChem:QMR PMID:24406270 PMID:24652107 PMID:24763764 PMID:24856597 PMID:24906297 PMID:24949564 PMID:25062287 PMID:25145377 PMID:25331778 PMID:25352081 PMID:25410148 PMID:25449275 PMID:25462656 PMID:25475645 PMID:25485645 PMID:25497715 PMID:25572451 PMID:25588294 PMID:25616031 Reaxys:10668886 Wikipedia:Varenicline 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-6,10-methanoazepino[4,5-g]quinoxaline chebi_ontology 7,8,9,10-Tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino(2,3-h)(3)benzazepine vareniclina varenicline vareniclinum CHEBI:84500 varenicline CAS:249296-44-4 ChemIDplus CAS:249296-44-4 KEGG DRUG Drug_Central:2808 DrugCentral PMID:24406270 Europe PMC PMID:24652107 Europe PMC PMID:24763764 Europe PMC PMID:24856597 Europe PMC PMID:24906297 Europe PMC PMID:24949564 Europe PMC PMID:25062287 Europe PMC PMID:25145377 Europe PMC PMID:25331778 Europe PMC PMID:25352081 Europe PMC PMID:25410148 Europe PMC PMID:25449275 Europe PMC PMID:25462656 Europe PMC PMID:25475645 Europe PMC PMID:25485645 Europe PMC PMID:25497715 Europe PMC PMID:25572451 Europe PMC PMID:25588294 Europe PMC PMID:25616031 Europe PMC Reaxys:10668886 Reaxys 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-6,10-methanoazepino[4,5-g]quinoxaline IUPAC 7,8,9,10-Tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino(2,3-h)(3)benzazepine ChemIDplus vareniclina WHO_MedNet varenicline KEGG_DRUG varenicline WHO_MedNet vareniclinum WHO_MedNet A method that results in the separation of two or more components according to some property. FIX:0000002 partition CHMO:0000999 separation method A method that results in the separation of two or more components according to some property. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. FIX:0000053 analytical chromatography chromatographic analysis preparative chromatography CHMO:0001000 chromatography A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01075 A chromatography method where the stationary bed is within a tube (of standard length 25 cm). The particles of the solid stationary phase or support coated with a liquid stationary phase may fill the whole inside volume of the tube (packed column) or be concentrated on or along the inside tube wall leaving an open, unrestricted path for the mobile phase in the middle part of the tube (open-tubular column). CHMO:0002118 preparative column chromatography CHMO:0001001 column chromatography A chromatography method where the stationary bed is within a tube (of standard length 25 cm). The particles of the solid stationary phase or support coated with a liquid stationary phase may fill the whole inside volume of the tube (packed column) or be concentrated on or along the inside tube wall leaving an open, unrestricted path for the mobile phase in the middle part of the tube (open-tubular column). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac971247q https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01182 Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid. LC CHMO:0001004 liquid chromatography Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid. FIX:0000608 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. infectious disease DOID:10115 DOID:11078 DOID:1304 DOID:1321 DOID:2040 DOID:2288 DOID:3099 DOID:4120 DOID:4620 DOID:5256 DOID:945 DOID:95 DOID:9532 DOID:9696 ICD9CM:079.0 UMLS_CUI:C0001485 infectious disease disease_ontology DOID:0050117 DO:wk disease by infectious agent A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. url:http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=14.10d&code=C26726 A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in damage to organs, bones, or muscles due to prenatal alcohol exposure. ARBD disease_ontology DOID:0050668 alcohol-related birth defect A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in damage to organs, bones, or muscles due to prenatal alcohol exposure. url:http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination. disease_ontology DOID:0060038 specific developmental disorder A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_developmental_disorder A vascular disease caused by the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. MESH:D013927 disease_ontology DOID:0060903 thrombosis A vascular disease caused by the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis A disease of mental health in which the normally well-integrated functions of memory, identity, perception, or consciousness are separated (dissociated). DOID:4963 ICD10CM:F44.9 ICD10CM:F48.9 ICD9CM:300.15 ICD9CM:300.9 MESH:D004213 NCI:C92197 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:44376007 UMLS_CUI:C0012746 UMLS_CUI:C0041857 dissociative disease dissociative reaction disease_ontology DOID:10935 dissociative disorder A disease of mental health in which the normally well-integrated functions of memory, identity, perception, or consciousness are separated (dissociated). url:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215 A disease of mental health that involves a failure to resist an impulsive act or behaviour that may be harmful to self or others. ICD10CM:F63.9 ICD9CM:312.30 MESH:D007174 NCI:C34723 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:66347000 UMLS_CUI:C0021122 disease_ontology DOID:10937 impulse control disorder A disease of mental health that involves a failure to resist an impulsive act or behaviour that may be harmful to self or others. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_control_disorder A specific developmental disorder marked by a pattern of repetitive behavior wherein the rights of others or social norms are violated. EFO:0004216 ICD10CM:F91 ICD9CM:312.9 MESH:D019955 NCI:C89329 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:430909002 UMLS_CUI:C0149654 disease_ontology DOID:12995 conduct disorder A specific developmental disorder marked by a pattern of repetitive behavior wherein the rights of others or social norms are violated. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduct_disorder url:http://www.nmha.org/go/conduct-disorder An endogenous depression that is characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. DOID:10614 DOID:2240 DOID:2241 DOID:7580 ICD10CM:F32 ICD10CM:F33.9 ICD9CM:296.2 ICD9CM:296.3 NCI:C34796 OMIM:608520 OMIM:608691 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:268621008 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:36923009 UMLS_CUI:C0024517 UMLS_CUI:C0154409 recurrent major depression single major depressive episode disease_ontology DOID:1470 Xref MGI. major depressive disorder An endogenous depression that is characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. ICD10CM:F99 MESH:D001523 NCI:C2893 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:74732009 UMLS_CUI:C0004936 disease_ontology DOID:150 disease of mental health A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. ICD9CM:301.8 UMLS_CUI:C0029707 character disorder disease_ontology DOID:1510 personality disorder A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/personalitydisorders.html A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. ICD10CM:F09 MESH:D019965 NCI:C34870 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:106014008 UMLS_CUI:C0029227 cognitive disease disease_ontology Organic Mental disorder DOID:1561 cognitive disorder A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. ICD10CM:C80.1 ICD9CM:199 ICDO:M8000/3 MESH:D009369 NCI:C9305 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:363346000 UMLS_CUI:C0006826 malignant neoplasm malignant tumor primary cancer disease_ontology DOID:162 Updating out dated UMLS CUI. cancer A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cancer url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=cancer A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. DOID:12884 ICD10CM:F41.9 MESH:D001008 NCI:C2878 OMIM:607834 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:197480006 UMLS_CUI:C0003469 anxiety anxiety state disease_ontology DOID:2030 anxiety disorder A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. url:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. EFO:0000677 ICD9CM:298.8 UMLS_CUI:C0029516 mental or behavioural disorder disease_ontology DOID:2468 psychotic disorder A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/psychoticdisorders.html A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. DOID:3311 DOID:9554 DOID:9555 EFO:0000289 GARD:10249 ICD10CM:F31 ICD9CM:296.40 ICD9CM:296.60 ICD9CM:296.80 MESH:D001714 NCI:C34423 NCI:C34424 NCI:C34805 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:13746004 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:16506000 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:191627008 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:68569003 UMLS_CUI:C0005586 UMLS_CUI:C0005587 UMLS_CUI:C0024713 UMLS_CUI:C0236780 Manic Bipolar Affective disorder Manic Depressive disorder Manic bipolar I disorder bipolar depression bipolar disorder manic phase manic depression manic disorder mixed bipolar disorder disease_ontology Depressive-manic psych. DOID:3312 bipolar disorder A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder A cognitive disorder that involves a disturbance in mood as the predominant underlying feature. EFO:0004247 ICD10CM:F39 MESH:D019964 NCI:C92200 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:46206005 UMLS_CUI:C0525045 episodic mood disorder disease_ontology DOID:3324 Updating outdated UMLS CUI. mood disorder A cognitive disorder that involves a disturbance in mood as the predominant underlying feature. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder A primary bacterial infectious disease that is located_in lungs, located_in lymph nodes, located_in pericardium, located_in brain, located_in pleura or located_in gastrointestinal tract, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted_by droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. DOID:10096 DOID:12688 DOID:12691 DOID:415 DOID:9901 DOID:9902 GARD:7827 MESH:D014375 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:15202009 UMLS_CUI:C0041295 disease_ontology DOID:399 tuberculosis A primary bacterial infectious disease that is located_in lungs, located_in lymph nodes, located_in pericardium, located_in brain, located_in pleura or located_in gastrointestinal tract, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted_by droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. url:http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec17/ch193/ch193a.html url:http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/bugdrug/antibiotic_manual/atstbdx99.pdf A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. MESH:D004194 NCI:C2991 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:64572001 UMLS_CUI:C0012634 disease_ontology DOID:4 disease A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. url:http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf A viral infectious disease that results in destruction of immune system, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers, has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted by sexual contact, transmitted by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted by congenital method, and transmitted by contaminated needles. The virus infects helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) which are directly or indirectly destroyed, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection has symptom diarrhea, has symptom fatigue, has symptom fever, has symptom vaginal yeast infection, has symptom headache, has symptom mouth sores, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom sore throat, and has symptom swollen lymph glands. ICD10CM:B20 ICD9CM:042-042.99 MESH:D015658 NCI:C3108 SNOMEDCT_US_2019_09_01:86406008 UMLS_CUI:C0019693 HIV infection disease_ontology DOID:526 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease A viral infectious disease that results in destruction of immune system, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers, has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted by sexual contact, transmitted by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted by congenital method, and transmitted by contaminated needles. The virus infects helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) which are directly or indirectly destroyed, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection has symptom diarrhea, has symptom fatigue, has symptom fever, has symptom vaginal yeast infection, has symptom headache, has symptom mouth sores, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom sore throat, and has symptom swollen lymph glands. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000602.htm A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building BUILDING building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS BUILDING USGS:SDTS building Geonames:feature A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping retail shop retail store retailer shop A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun. All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental material A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 MA:ma ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/niches.html Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol envoAtmo Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol" aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class and its subclasses are experimental and are being developed with NCEAS use cases in mind. environmental disposition A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. Not to be confused with a flame - the visible portion of gas released by a fire . Oxidation processes such as rusting or biological digestion are not subsumed here. fire A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/3212 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass smoke Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. This class may be surrendered to REX. Unlike the "combustion" class in the Chemical Methods Ontology, this class is not necessarily a planned process. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001473 combustion process Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion A chemical decomposition (the separation of a single chemical compound into its two or more elemental parts or to simpler compounds) caused by heat. thermal decomposition thermolysis A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." commercial building A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. 2019-06-24T13:43:29Z aerosol formation process A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. 2019-10-29T14:50:34Z construction A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. environmental system process A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. material transformation process Intubation of a patient whose airway is blocked. Agent delivery of a tube into an external or internal orifice of the body for the purpose of adding or removing fluids or air. PERSON: Nicole Vasilevsky Entubation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intubation intubation Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data data item information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 information content entity directive information entity An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters directive information entity report Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article. A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record). 2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include (only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the whole sentence is deleted. 2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so. 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON:Chris Stoeckert GROUP: OBI OBI_0000099 report plan specification PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them plan specification measurement datum Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay? person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000305 group:OBI measurement datum material information bearer A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier. a brain a hard drive A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. GROUP: IAO material information bearer document A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole PERSON: Lawrence Hunter document An emotion process is a complex mental process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes including an appraisal process as part, and which gives rise to an action tendency. occurrent emotion short-term emotion emotion process An appraisal is a cognitive representation which represents an evaluation of the relevance of some triggering object or event to the organism. appraisal The subjective emotional feeling is that (fiat) part of the emotion process by which the organism experiences its own emotion. affective consciousness Excluded the following subjective feelings which appear on the GRID questionnaire since they seem debatable to what extent they are really *feelings* and to what extent they are actually *evaluations* or other things: -- felt submissive/dominant -- felt powerless/powerful subjective emotional feeling An affective process is any process that has positive or negative valence. affective process An extended organism that is a member of the species Homo sapiens. person human being person A bodily process that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour. Valence is a process profile of an emotion, mood, or affective bodily feeling (such as pleasure and pain). Valence can be positive or negative, with different strengths in both directions. For example, pleasure is positively valenced while pain is negatively valenced. A 'mental process' is a subclass of 'bodily process', as mental processes occur within the body, specifically involving the brain. A bodily process which brings into being, sustains or modifies a cognitive representation or a behavior inducing state. Examples include thinking, feeling pain, remembering and emotion as occurrent experiences. Mental processes can varying in the degree to which they involve consciousness. mental process GO:0050890, cognition, defined as `The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.' A dependent continuant which is about a portion of reality. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 representation A representation which specifically depends on an anatomical structure in the cognitive system of an organism. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 cognitive representation A bodily disposition is a disposition that inheres in some extended organism. Examples are: my disposition to catch a cold when exposed to a virus, my ability to speak the English language. Bodily disposition includes features that can be used in a specific context, such as a person's strength, but not a person's weight. A person has a specific weight independent of the circumstances they are in. Extended organism refers to an organism and its microbiome (e.g., the bacteria that live in one's digestive system). bodily disposition A mental disposition is a bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process. 'Mental disposition' is a subclass of 'bodily disposition', as mental dispositions occur in the body. mental disposition a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event. Melanie Courtot and YH: More work is needed on how to restrict the scope of a term to be an 'adverse event', notably regarding temporal association. When is an appropirate time interval between a medical intervention and an adverse event observed? One week, one month, one year, or a lifetime? For some well-studied medical interventions (e.g., administration of many vaccines or drugs), we probably have a general idea. For many new interventions, we don't know much. In OAE, this issue is associated with defining the 'adverse event incubation time'. YH: An adverse event is a process that has specified output of some adverse medical outcome (e.g., symptom, sign or accident) after a medical intervention (or process) (e.g., administration of drug or vaccine). The medical intervention can be an administration of a drug, a vaccine (i.e., vaccination), or a special nutritional product (for example, dietary supplement, infant formula, medical food), surgery, or usage of a medical device. YH: An adverse event is possibly induced by the medical intervention. It can be caused by the medical intervention, or may not be caused by the medical intervention. One ultimate goal (or the goal in clinics) of study adverse events is to assess if the adverse event outcome is due to the medical intervention. YH: In development of OAE, we initially use vaccine adverse event as our use case. A vaccine adverse event is associated with a vaccination (i.e. a medical intervention), regardless of whether it is considered vaccine-related, and includes any side effect, injury, toxicity, or sensitivity reaction or significant failure of immunization (i.e., a pharmacologic action). Ref: Baylor NW and Midthum K. Regulation and testing of vaccines. In: Vaccines (Editors: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, and Offit P). 2008. p1623. YH: The current term 'adverse event' is different from the term definition shown in our paper: He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. We made the name changing in order to make OAE cover the broader sense of the 'adverse event' which does not assume definite causal effect between an adverse event and a medical intervention. In current definition, the adverse event emphasizes the time association and assumes a likelihood of such a causal association. This term 'adverse event' is stil under the OGMS:pathological bodily process. The 'adverse event' defined in the above paper has now been changed to a new term: 'causal adverse event'. See more information in the new publication: Yongqun He Y, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Yu Lin, Zuoshuang Xiang, Abra Guo, Shelley Zhang, Desikan Jagannathan, Luca Toldo, Cui Tao and Barry Smith. OAE: The Ontology of Adverse Events. Journal of Biomedical Semantics. 2014, 5:29 doi:10.1186/2041-1480-5-29. PMID: 25093068.PMCID: PMC4120740. YH: The main scope of OAE includes: (1) represent terms and relations in the area of adverse events, (2) assess possible associations between an adverse event and a medical intervention, particularly, identify any causal effect of a medical intervention to an adverse event; and (2) understand the mechanism (including molecular mechanisms) of causal adverse events. YH: There has been discussion regarding whether the term 'side effect' is an alternative term for 'adverse event'. In AERO, the term 'AERO:adverse event' represents a subset of those adverse events for which causality has been established. In OAE, an adverse event for which causality has been established is called 'causal adverse event'. Yongqun He AE adverse reaction WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_event WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093068 The OAE official website is: http://www.oae-ontology.org/. adverse event a disposition that represents the likelihood of the occurrence of an adverse event after a medical intervention. YH adverse side effect adverse effect A directive information entity that represents a mathematical relationship which relates changes in a given response to changes in one or more factors. A statistical model is a formalization of relationships between variables in the form of mathematical equations. Marcy Harris, Yongqun He model WEB: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pri/section7/pri7.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_model statistical model A quantitative confidence value that is used in Bayesian analysis to describe the range in which a posterior probability estimate is likely to reside. Yongqun He WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/glossary-of-common-biostatistical-and-epidemiological-terms credible interval A data item which is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population. Person: Jie Zheng, Oliver He SMR http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized_mortality_ratio standardized mortality ratio A data item that is derived from a statistical data analysis. Jie Zheng, Yongqun He, Marcy Harris, Asiyah Yu Lin statistic WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistic WEB: http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-numerical-data derived data from statistical analysis A data item that is derived from an inferential statistical data analysis. Jie Zheng, Yongqun He inferential statistic WEB: http://psc.dss.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/stat_inf/intro.htm WEB: http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-numerical-data derived data from inferential statistical analysis A data item that is produced as the output of a data transformation. Person: Jie Zheng, Oliver He transformed data item planned process planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. Bjoern Peters branch derived 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) CHMO:0001840 OBI:0000011 planned process planned process processed material Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg processed material quantitative confidence value A data item which is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty about a measurement. person:Chris Stoeckert group:OBI quantitative confidence value A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. CHMO:0001131 CHMO:0001267 CHMO:0001461 FIX:0000258 material transformations preparative method sample preparation sample preparation step sample preparative method OBI:0000094 material processing A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. obi:bp obi:fg obi:jf obi:mc obi:prs organization PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON: Susanna Sansone GROUP: OBI organization extract Up-regulation of inflammatory signalings by areca nut extract and role of cyclooxygenase-2 -1195G>a polymorphism reveal risk of oral cancer. Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;68(20):8489-98. PMID: 18922923 an extract is a material entity which results from an extraction process PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra extracted material GROUP: OBI Biomatrial Branch extract dose An organism has been injected 1ml of vaccine A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses. dose A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:21:20Z disease A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:39:44Z disorder The phrase 'bodily component of an organism in the definition refers to a part of the body. A process in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates. A process in which at least one bodily component of an organsim participates. Albert Goldfain http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000060 bodily process From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000087 extended organism A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a catastrophic external force. At the scale of organism (as opposed to the cellular scale or the population scale), an injury is typically the result of a catastrophic event. Consider the implications of making 'injury' a subtype of 'disorder'. Note: Adopted subtype of disorder, and injury can occur at the scale of organism down to cellular level. Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/ca0ad373f27774c5 OGMS call adoption- 16 SEPT 2015 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iiV1-fTS7BUUSzDw3N_Afx42698YWf54-FOTY2NkAxo/edit creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z edited date: 30 SEPT 2015 injury A material entity that is a human made strcuture with firm connection between its foundation and the ground. Mathias Brochhausen http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauwerk "Building" is a subclass of this. This type of entity is referred to as "Bauwerk" or "Bauliche Anlage". architectural structure An architectural structure that bears some function. Mathias Brochhausen facility A facility bearing the function to provide healthcare and that is administered by a health care organization for the purpose of providing health care to a patient or patient population. William Hogan health care facility A facility to assist in physical or addiction recovery Amanda Hicks Emma Norris William Hogan Human Behaviour Change Project rehabilitation facility A health care facility that bears a function to provide emergency healthcare services and the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment, having arrived either by their own means or by ambulance Amanda Hicks Emma Norris William Hogan Adapted from Human Behaviour Change Project emergency department facility a health care facility that also bears a residence function and thus one in which the patients are also residents of the facility community living health care facility A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality (PATO) PATO:0000072 quality PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration quality PATO:0000033 concentration concentration of A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/concentration A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. George Gkoutos 2010-03-10T03:18:15Z PATO:0002061 relational molecular quality quality PATO:0002182 molecular quality A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. PATOC:GVG A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) seedling (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. POC:curators planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki frutex (narrow) FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba frutices (narrow) FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b prothalli (narrow) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 prothallus (narrow) FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 suffrutex (narrow) FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 suffrutices (narrow) FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 woody clump (narrow) FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025131 Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. BFO:0000004 CARO:0000000 POC:curators entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. CAROC:Brownsville2014 A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system A planned process executed in the performance of scientific research wherein systematic investigations are performed to establish facts and reach new conclusions about phenomena in the world. Data generation process are typically experimental studies or observations, but can include any process generating information used to evaluate a claim. This is an organizational class that groups more specific types of such processes that are most commonly used in generating data used as evidence to support claims. These processes produce informational artifacts such as measured data values, derived statistical calculations and confidence measures, or statements representing summaries or conclusions drawn from such data. research activity A planned proccess that executes some study design or protocol to generate scientific data that is interpreted to test or generate a hypothesis. research study An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. uberon UBERON:0000000 processual entity An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. span:ProcessualEntity Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FBbt:00007001 FMA:305751 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure connected biological structure uberon UBERON:0000061 anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 connected biological structure CARO:0000003 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 BIRNLEX:4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 NCIT:C13018 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 uberon anatomical unit body organ element UBERON:0000062 organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GO:0048513 UMLS:C0178784 ncithesaurus:Organ element End of the life of an organism. ncit:Death is an outcome XAO:0000437 XtroDO:0000085 uberon death UBERON:0000071 death death stage End of the life of an organism. XAO:0000437 ncit:Death is an outcome ncit A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage developmental stage stage uberon UBERON:0000105 life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO) Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021]. Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in 'subcortical' because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in 'relatively compact' and 'distiguishable by histology' because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate. nucleus AEO:0000136 FMA:83686 NCIT:C13197 NLX:28443 nervous system nucleus neuraxis nucleus neuronal nucleus nucleus of CNS uberon nucleus of neuraxis UBERON:0000125 neural nucleus A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO) NLX:28443 Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021]. GO_REF:0000021 neuraxis nucleus FMA:83686 neuronal nucleus AEO:0000136 nucleus of CNS NLX:28443 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 NCIT:C13236 SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 galen:BodySubstance body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance uberon UBERON:0000463 organism substance Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. body fluid or substance MA:0002450 body substance FMA:9669 organism substance CARO:0000004 portion of body substance FMA:9669 portion of organism substance ZFA:0001487 Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 uberon UBERON:0000465 material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BIRNLEX:14 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 NCIT:C12919 OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 galen:AnatomicalSystem body system connected anatomical system organ system uberon anatomical systems UBERON:0000467 anatomical system Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. CARO:0000011 system GO:0048731 UMLS:C0460002 ncithesaurus:Organ_System body system BIRNLEX:14 connected anatomical system CARO:0000011 anatomical systems ZFA:0001439 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3] AAO:0010009 AEO:0000041 BILA:0000041 CARO:0000041 EHDAA2:0003041 FBbt:00007277 FMA:49443 HAO:0000041 TADS:0000605 TAO:0001478 TGMA:0001842 VHOG:0001737 XAO:0003160 ZFA:0001478 uberon UBERON:0000477 anatomical cluster Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000541 BTO:0000203 CALOHA:TS-1319 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:D012137 MIAA:0000030 NCIT:C12779 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000272 UMLS:C0035237 VHOG:0000202 XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius respiratory system uberon Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium UBERON:0001004 respiratory system http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000541 AAO AAO:BJB There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000202 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.599 and Figure 18-23 UMLS:C0035237 ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System Atmungssystem BTO:0000203 apparatus respiratorius BTO:0000203 systema respiratorium Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] digestive many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class AAO:0000129 BILA:0000082 BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-1293 EFO:0000793 EV:0100056 FBbt:00005055 FMA:7152 GAID:278 MA:0002431 MAT:0000018 MESH:D004064 MIAA:0000018 TADS:0000170 TAO:0000339 WBbt:0005748 XAO:0000125 ZFA:0000339 galen:DigestiveSystem ncithesaurus:Digestive_System uberon alimentary system alimentary tract gastrointestinal system gut UBERON:0001007 digestive system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. FB:gg NLM:alimentary+system An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000129 AAO AAO:BJB many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class MA Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 BIRNLEX:6 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FBbt_root:00000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NCIT:C12219 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UMLS:C1515976 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 uberon UBERON:0001062 anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. FMA:62955 UMLS:C1515976 ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species. Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent[FMA:61833]. UBERON:0010122 BAMS:CA BAMS:Cd BIRNLEX:1373 BM:Tel-CA BTO:0000211 CALOHA:TS-0121 DHBA:10334 DMBA:15855 EFO:0000907 EHDAA2:0004461 EMAPA:18207 EV:0100185 FMA:61833 GAID:670 HBA:4278 MA:0000894 MAT:0000513 MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.184 NCIT:C12451 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvyAjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PBA:10082 UMLS:C0007461 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=226 caudatus uberon Ammon horn fields caudatum nucleus caudatus UBERON:0001873 caudate nucleus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species. BIRNLEX:1373 Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent[FMA:61833]. FMA:61833 UMLS:C0007461 BIRNLEX:1373 UMLS:C0007461 ncithesaurus:Caudate_Nucleus http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=226 BIRNLEX:1373 Ammon horn fields BAMS:CA caudatum BTO:0000211 nucleus caudatus nucleus caudatus BTO:0000211 A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. EMAPA:35185 FMA:83840 MA:0000811 NCIT:C49346 UMLS:C1706993 ZFA:0005575 brain nucleus uberon brain nuclei UBERON:0002308 nucleus of brain A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. UMLS:C1706993 ncithesaurus:Brain_Nucleus brain nuclei ZFA:0005575 Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph. The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011001 BILA:0000016 BTO:0000088 CALOHA:TS-1297 EFO:0000791 EHDAA2:0000216 EHDAA:394 EMAPA:16104 EMAPA:16370 EV:0100017 FMA:7161 GAID:467 MA:0000010 MAT:0000016 MESH:D002319 MIAA:0000016 NCIT:C12686 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000010 UMLS:C0007226 VHOG:0000302 WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system XAO:0000100 XAO:0001010 ZFA:0000010 uberon CV system Herz und Gefaesssystem UBERON:0004535 cardiovascular system Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BTO:0000088 The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000302 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.451 UMLS:C0007226 ncithesaurus:Cardiovascular_System CV system BTO:0000088 Herz und Gefaesssystem BTO:0000088 A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FBbt:00007060 FMA:83115 multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure uberon cell part cluster UBERON:0005162 multi cell part structure A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. CARO:0001000 we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' CARO FMA multi-cell-component structure CARO:0001000 multi-cell-part structure CARO:0001000 cell part cluster FMA:83115 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid BIRNLEX:20 EMAPA:37441 FMA:280556 GAID:266 MESH:D001826 galen:BodyFluid body fluid uberon UBERON:0006314 bodily fluid Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:A12.207 EMAPA:37441 MA:th body fluid GAID:266 A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon. TAO:0002178 ZFA:0001660 uberon UBERON:0009663 telencephalic nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon. OBOL:automatic An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure uberon UBERON:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 multicellular structure FBbt:00100313 A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. FMA:83143 cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer uberon UBERON:0011215 central nervous system cell part cluster A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. OBOL:automatic cell part cluster of neuraxis FMA:83143 neuraxis layer FMA:83143 A temporal boundary connecting two life cycle stages that follow in immediate succession. A temporal boundary is an abstract, instantaneous entity. uberon UBERON:0035943 life cycle temporal boundary A temporal boundary connecting two life cycle stages that follow in immediate succession. A temporal boundary is an abstract, instantaneous entity.